膜技术在食品与医药行业中的应用

国家海洋局第二海洋研究所硕士学位论文膜技术在食品与医药行业中的应用姓名：纪晓声申请学位级别：硕士专业：海洋化学指导教师：高从堦;楼永通2007051688openA—m-1t—0A—m-1µ—(Pa·s)K—(L·m-2·h-1)0σ—0N—π∆—(N·m-2)P∆—(N·m-2)1α—m2·Kg-1openQ—(m3·s-1)poreα—m3·kg-1mR—(m-1)Q—(m3·s-1)K1,K2,K3(-)0Q—(m3·s-1)L—(m)A—(-)dm—(m)J0—(L·m-2·h-1)Rm—(m-1)cb—g·L-1Rf—(m-1)JJ1—(L·m-2·h-1)R'—(m-1)Js—(L·m-2·h-1)pR—(m-1)∆P—(Pa)pr—(m)Rb—(m-1)µ—(Pa·s)Rt—(m-1)mδ—(m)ε—(%)630(MF)(UF)(NF)(RO),(ED)[2]30%20%320100200nm30.1MPa20nm0.1~2g·L-10.08~0.15MPa0.1MPa200nm20nm200nm0.08-0.15MPa0.07-0.115MPa20nm200nm7D(MF)(UF)(NF)(RO),(ED)8AbstractMembraneseparationisanoveltechniqueforhighperformanceseparation,concentration,refinementandpurification,anddrawconsiderableattentioninindustry.Ithasgreatdevelopmentinrecent30yearsandhasextensiveapplicationinindustrythereby.Themechanismofactionofmembraneseparationisbasedontheusageofpermeabilityofdifferentmembranestoseparatedifferentmaterials.Therearemanymeritsofthistechnique,suchasnophasechange,nochemicalchange,highseparationefficiencyandhealthy.Inaddition,itcansaveenergy,workundercommontemperaturewithsimpleequipmentandhighautomaticityaswell.Thecomponentsofmainprocessesofmembraneseparationaremicro-filtration(MF),ultra-filtration(UF),nano-filtration(NF),reverseosmosis(RO)andelectro-dialysis(ED).Thispaperwillapplyvariouskindsofmembraneprocessestoindustriesoffoodsanddrugs,workingseparatelyorassociated.Theschemesareasfollows.Firstly,weappliedthetechnologyofinorganicmembranetoChinesemedicinepreparationforfiningandseparating.TheapplicationofinorganicmembranecanavoidsuchproblemslikehightemperatureandhighmechanicalstrengthintheprocessoffiningandseparatingChinesemedicine.Theresultsshowedthat,intheprocessesofpurificationforextractofChinesemedicine,theusageofinorganicmembranecandegrade30%ofsolidofthephysicliquor,whichcutdowntheenergyexpenditureofthefollowingtreatmentseffectively,andinthemeantimethelossoftheeffectiveingredientisonly20%.ThiswayofChinesemedicinepreparationishelpfultotheimprovementofthequalityoftheproducts,reductionoftheproducecostanddecreaseofpollution,comparedwiththetraditionalpurifiedmethodslikeextractingwithliquidandstagnatingwithalcoholorextractingwithalcoholandstagnatingwithliquid.ItisthusevidentthatthetechnologyofinorganicmembranehasagreatperspectiveintheapplicationoffiningandseparatinginChinesemedicinepreparation.FiltrationofChinesemedicineusinginorganicmembraneswithcylindricalporeswasstudied.Thefoulingmechanismoffiltrationandeffectsofprocessparametersonpermeatefluxwereinvestigated.Thecross-flowfiltrationexperimentalapparatuswasestablished,effectofporesizesofmembranes,concentrationofimpurityandoperationparametersonfiltrationfluxwereinvestigated.Thefoulingwasanalyzedbasedonthedeterminationofresistancesandamembranecleaningmethodwasprovided.Themembranewithporesizeof20nmhadhighersteadyfluxandlowerfiltrationresistance.Thesteadyfluxofmembranewithporesizeof20nmincreasedwithconcentrationofimpurityfrom0.1to1.0g·L-1.Thesteadyfluxhardlyincreasedwhenconcentrationincreasedfrom1.0to2.0g·L-1.Thesteadyfluxincreasedfirstandthendecreasedwithtransmembranepressureincreasefrom0.08to0.15MPa,thesteadyfluxreachedmaximumattransmembranepressureof0.1MPa.Comparingthreeblockingmodels,filtrationofimpuritysolutionsusingmembranewithporesizeof200nmfollowedtheintermediateblockingmodel.Changeofsteadyfluxandretentionwithdifferentprocessparameterswasinvestigated.For2membraneswithporesizesof20nmand200nm,steadyfluxwasquadraticfunctionoftransmembranepressure.Thesteadyfluxusingthemembranewithporesizeof20nmishigherintransmembranepressure9from0.07to0.115MPa,andthesteadyfluxusingmembranewithporesizeof200nmishigherintransmembranepressurefrom0.115to0.1525MPa.Retentionfirstdecreasedandthenincreasedfortwomembraneswithincreasingtransmembranepressure.Effectofimpurityconcentrationonfluxwasinvestigated.Thesteadyfluxincreasedfirstandthendecreasedwithconcentrationofimpurityfrom0.1~2g·L-1.Retentiondecreasedwithincreasingconcentrationofimpurity.Secondly,weappliedthenano-filtrationintheindustriesoffoodsanddrugstoobservetheabilityofentrapmentofchargedmaterialsaboutthenano-filtermembrane.Itisappliedtoobservetheefficiencyofthedisposaloftherawmaterialswhichdemandforconcentrationandseparationaswell.Inthefoodsindustry,weshouldeliminatesalinitytoproducehighqualityproducts,giventothehighsalinitytheliquidofrawmaterialsgenerallycontain.Inthisresearch,wechoseelectro-dialysistodesaltsolutionofxylose,concentratedsolutionofglutamicacid,motherliquidofD-aminoethanoicacidandphysicliquorwithhighsalinitytoinvestigatewhetherthesystemofelectro-dialysisisusableinthedesaltingoftherawmaterialsoffoods.Keywords:micro-filtration(MF)ultra-filtration(UF)nano-filtration(NF)reverseosmosis(RO)electro-dialysis(ED)Chinesemedicinepreparationblockingmodel103019943514%30%200413021[1]1.1(MF)(UF)(NF)(RO),(ED)[2]1.1.11.(MF)()0.055um[3]2.(UF)()0.00120.05um[4]3.(NF)11300500[5]4.(RO)[6]5.(ED)[7]1.1.2[8]()()1.(CA)(PSA)(PS)(SPS)(PAN)“”[9]2.121.2.3.4.400C800C5.1.1.3[10].1380400um40100umU1600030000m2/m31.2[11]1.11-2-3-4-5-6-7-1.1()()()141.31.2.3.4.1.4[12]1.4.11./2.pH3.[13]151.4.2pH[