主谓一致用法归纳

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主谓一致用法归纳主谓一致用法三原则:•语法一致原则•概念一致原则•就近一致原则主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上应保持一致,它主要有三个原则:一、语法一致原则主语是单数时,谓语用单数;主语是复数时,谓语用复数。但注意以下几点:1、凡以-ies结尾表示学科名称的名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语,谓语动词用单数。Mathematicsisascience.数学是一门科学。Politicsistaughtinmiddleschool.中学里教政治。2、以“s”结尾表示单数概念的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.3、以“s”结尾表示单数意义的名词news,means,works等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everymeanshasbeendonetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.Achemicalworksisbeingbuiltnow.4、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilosisnottooheavytobecarries.注意:如果强调过了多少日,谓语动词用复数。如:FiftyyearshavepassedsincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.自中华人民共和国诞生以来,已走过了50年。5、主语后面如果有aswellas,besides,except,but,like,with,nolessthan,including,asmuchas,ratherthan等引导的短语时,谓语动词与主语保持一致。Theteacherasmuchastheparentsistoblame.Mybrother,togetherwithMikeandTom,isgone.Nobodybutstudentswashere.6、由any-every-some-no-构成的复合不定代词都当作单数看。Someoneisaskingyouonthephone.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.但它们的反意疑问句的附加问句用单复数均可。如:EveryonewaswatchingTV,wasn’the?EveryonewaswatchingTV,weren’tthey?都在看电视,是吗?7、被each和every限定的主语,谓语动词用单数。但each作复数主语的同位语时,谓语动词用复数。Every/Eachstudenthasadictionary.Theboyseachhaveadictionary.8、结构every…andevery…,each…andeach…,no…andno…(后跟单数或不可数名词)等分别作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant.Nobusandnotruckwasseenatthattime.9、在算术运算中,谓语动词用单复数均可。Nineminusfouris/arefive.Twotimesfiftyis/areonehundred.10、morethanone作主语或主语的定语时,尽管意义上是“不止一个”,但语法上的主语是单数,谓语用单数;manya/an表示“许多”,但谓语动词用单数;oneandahalf作定语时,后面名词用复数,可谓语动词用单数。Oneortwo+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Manyamanhastrieditbefore.Morethanonehastoldmeso.Morethanoneboyhasbeenthere.Oneandahalfappleshasbeenleftonit.ThereareoneortwothingsIwanttotalkoverwithyou.11、动词不定式、动名词及从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Toobeylawsiseverybody’sduty.Readingaloudisveryimportantinlearning.Whyhediditwasnotclear.注意:who,what,which以及what,who引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词根据意义可用单、复数。如:Whois/arewaitingforusatthegate?Whichis/areright?whatis/aretobedonetosolvetheproblem.Whatweneedhereisanengineer.aretwoEnglishteachers.二、概念/意义一致原则1、单词all,most,any,what,who,which等,它们既可以表示单数,也可以表示复数,因此它们作主语时,谓语动词要根据它们在句中的逻辑概念来决定。Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.Therearemanyapplesinthebasket,mostaregood.2、代词或名词如half,more,some,part,therest等可以指可数名词复数,也可指不可数名词,它们作主语,谓语动词要与它们所指的名词一致。Partofthestoryisnottrue.Partoftheapplesarebad.3、有些集体名词cattle,people,police,militia(民兵),poultry(家禽)等形式上是单数,但意义有时是复数,谓语动词用复数。People作“民族”解,谓语动词用单数。Trafficpolicearealwaysbusy.TheChinesepeopleisagreatpeople.Thepolicearerunningafterathief.Mostofhistimeisspenttravelling.MostofthestudentscomefromSouthChina.同样名词前有lotsof,plentyof,heapsof,loadsof等时,谓语动词的确定也是如此。Lotsofpeoplelikeseeingfilms.Plentyoftimeisawasteofplayingfootballontheplayground.4、clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses,scissors(剪刀)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;在倒装句中,可用单数形式的动词表示单数概念;这类词前加上apairof(一双/付/把),asuitof(一套)等单位词时,谓语动词用单数。Mytrousershavebeenstolen.Whereismyglasses?ApairoftrousersiswhatIneednow.Therearetwopairsofscissorsonthetable.5、the+形容词/分词表示一类人时,如theold/young,therich/poor,thedead/blind/living/deaf/wounded,theEnglish/Chinese等作主语,谓语用复数;表示一种抽象概念或品质时,谓语动词用单数。6、用and连接起来的两个单数名词,在意义上指同一个人、物或概念时,或者两种不同材料构成的东西作为整体时,谓语动词用单数。Thepoetandwriterhascome.Breadandmilkishealthfulfood.Muchmudandsandwaswashedbytheflood.Theyoungareusuallyveryactive.Thegoodinhimisgreatthanthebad.Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamiliesatChristmas.7、用and连接起来的两个单数名词互相并立而无附属关系或两个代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。TomandJimaregoodfriends.Breadandbutteraresoldinthatstop.8、有些集体名词如family,class,group,team,crew(船员),committee(委员会),company,crowd(人群),enemy,government,public,population,等作主语时,若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调整体中的个体成员,谓语动词用复数。Hisfamilyisasmallone.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thepopulationofthecityislessthan200,000.Onepartofthepopulationhereareworkers.三、就近一致原则1、由具有选择意味的连词如or,either…or…,neither…nor…,nor,whether…or…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。NeitherMrLinorIamtomeetthematthestation.Heorhisbrothersweretoblame.Areeitheryouorshewrong?2、由notonly…butalso…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词应遵循就近原则。但与aswellas不同。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherhascome.Cf.Theteacheraswellashisstudentshascome.(aswellashisstudents是附带成分)3、不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数;eitherof,neitherof,noneof之后接名词或代词,谓语动词用单数;但neitherof,noneof名词或代词是复数时,谓语也可以复数,并注意翻译。Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Eitherofthemisright.这两个有一个是对的。Neitheroftheanswersis/areright.这两个答案没有一个是对的/这两个答案都不对。Noneofthemoneyinthedeskismine.书桌里的钱都不是我的。Noneofthetoyshereis/aremine.这里的玩具没有一样是我的/这里的玩具都不是我的。4、“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数由of后的名词数而定。75%ofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Two-fifthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Morethan80%ofthepopulationinChinaarepeasants.5、在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。Iknowthegirlwhowasjustpraisedatthemeeting.Thosewhodon’tobeytheruleswillbepunished.=Anyonewhodoesn’tobeytheruleswillbepunished.6、“oneof+复数名词”后面的定语从句中的谓语动词的单、复数,以后面的名词为准;但在one之前有the或theonly作限制时,从句谓语动词用单数。Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveappeared.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedattheclass-meeting.7、在“therebe+主语”句型中,如果有几个主语,谓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