Renewable energy research_ a case study of wind po

Renewableenergyresearch1995–2009:acasestudyofwindpowerresearchinEU,Spain,GermanyandDenmarkEliasSanz-Casado•J.CarlosGarcia-Zorita•AntonioEleazarSerrano-Lo´pez•BirgerLarsen•PeterIngwersenReceived:4May2012/Publishedonline:9August2012Akade´miaiKiado´,Budapest,Hungary2012AbstractThepaperreportsthedevelopmentsandcitationpatternsoverthreetimeperiodsofresearchonRenewableEnergygenerationandWindPower1995–2011inEU,Spain,GermanyandDenmark.AnalysesarebasedonWebofScienceandincorporatejournalarticlesaswellasconferenceproceedingpapers.Scientometricindicatorsincludepublicationcollaborationratios,top-playerdistributionaswellascitednessandcorre-spondenceanalysesofcitingpublications,relativecitationimpact,distributionsoftop-citedaswellastop-citinginstitutionsandpublicationsourcesandclusteranalysisofcitingtitletermstomapknowledgeexportareas.FindingsshowanincreaseincitationimpactforRenewableEnergyandWindPowerresearchalbeithamperedbyscarcelycitedconferencepapers.AlthoughEUmaintainsitsglobaltoppositioninproducingRenewableEnergyandWindPowerresearchthedevelopmentsofEUandGermanworldsharesaswellascitationimpactarenegativeduringthemostrecent7yearperiod.DuringthesametimethecitationimpactofSpainandDenmarkincreaseandplacebothnationsamongthetop-rankingcountriesinWindPowerresearch.SpainistheonlyEUcountrythatincreasesitsworldproductionsharefrom2000.ChinaiscurrentlyrankedthreeafterEUandUSAinresearchoutput,howeverwithaverylowcitationimpact.Spain,DenmarkandGermanyeachdemonstratesdistinctcollaborationpatternsandpublicationsourceandcitationdistributionprofiles.MorethanhalfthecitationstoEUWindPowerresearchareEU-selfcitations.AnexpectedintensifiedEUcollaborationintheWindEnergyfielddoesnotcomeabout.ThemostproductiveresearchinstitutionsinDenmarkandSpainarealsothemostcitedones.E.Sanz-CasadoJ.C.Garcia-ZoritaA.E.Serrano-Lo´pezP.IngwersenLaboratoriodeEstudiosMetricosdeInformacion(LEMI),DepartmentofLibraryScienceandDocumentation,UniversidadCarlosIIIdeMadrid,C/Madrid126,28903Getafe,Madrid,SpainB.LarsenP.Ingwersen(&)RoyalSchoolofLibraryandInformationScience,Birketinget6,2300CopenhagenS,Denmarke-mail:[e-mail]ollege,St.OlavsPlass,0130Oslo,Norway123Scientometrics(2013)95:197–224DOI10.1007/s11192-012-0825-3KeywordsRenewableenergyresearchWindPowerresearchSpainDenmarkGermanyEUCitationanalysesPublicationanalysesCollaborationanalysesIntroductionNeweconomicalpatternsinmostofthedevelopedcountriesarecloselylinkedtotheincorporationofsustainabilitycriteriaintheproductionsectorsbasedonscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Afundamentalstrategyinthefieldsofenvironmentalsustain-abilityconsistsinfosteringthegenerationofnewknowledgeaswellasadaptingtheexistingone,originallyintendedforotherpurposes.Acleanproduction,anefficientuseofenergyandtheappropriaterecyclingofnaturalresourcesaresomeoftheareasthataredependentofthisnewknowledge.TheEuropeanUnionisoftenregardedafrontrunnerwithrespecttostrategiesandgoalsforglobaldecreaseofcarbondioxideandincreaseofalternativeenergyproduction,researchanddevelopment(EuropeanCommission2008;Giljumetal.2008;Nash2009).AsEUpartnertheSpanishgovernmentdevelopedaRenewableEnergyPlan2005–2010,withthegoalthat12.1%ofprimaryenergyconsumptionin2010shouldcomefromrenewableenergy.Theproposedinvestmentfor2005–2010was23,598millionEuros,ofwhich2.9%wasfundedbytheSpanishgovernment,whichrepresents681millionEuros(IDEA2005).Further,Spainhasinitiatedplansforthenationaldevelopmentsofeco-economyandR&DandinnovationinthefieldsofRenewableEnergy(MinisteriodeMedioAmbienteRuralyMarino2009;TriebandMu¨ller-Steinhagen2007).Inordertoestablishanationalworkablestrategyandpoliciesforthisdevelopmentdetailedinformationisrequiredbythegovernmentonpatternsandtrendsofthescientificandtechnicalknowl-edgeproductionasaresultofR&DactivitiesinpublicandprivatesectorsintheseareasinSpainaswellasglobally.InthisrespecttheSAPIENSProject(ScientometricAnalysesoftheProductivityandImpactofEco-economyofSpain)hasasmaingoaltheanalysisofscientificandtech-nologicalcapacitiesofEco-economyinSpain1995–2009,cited1995–2011,seeninaglobalcontextthroughquantitativeandqualitativeR&Dindicators.Theprojectissup-ported2011–13bytheNationalResearchPlanoftheMinistryofScienceandInnovationandwillbeconductedbetweentheSpanishResearchCouncil(CSIC)andtheCarlosIIIUniversity,LaboratoryofInformationMetricStudies(LEMI),whichactsasthecoordi-natinginstitutionoftheproject.TheRoyalSchoolofLibraryandInformationScience,Copenhagen,Denmark,actsasacademicpartner.SAPIENShasthreeobjectives.First,toanalysethepatternsandtrendsconcerningthecreationofknowledgeonsustainableenergyandassociatedresearchfieldsthroughsci-entificpublicationsandpatents;secondly,toobservetowhatextentSpaincomparedtotwootherEuropeancountries,GermanyandDenmark,contributetothisdevelopment;third,totracetheimpactanduseofthenewknowledgeworldwide.InthisrespecttheprojectisinlinewiththeproposalforanEUsciencepolicyindicatorframeworkforsustainableenergy(StreimikieneandSˇivickas2008).EarlierrelatedworkonR&Dpatternsinsustainableorrenewableenergyandassociatedfields,ba