ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong第5章产品市场与货币市场:IS--LM模型•要解决的问题:产品市场和货币市场同时均衡的国民收入和利率的决定。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong利率r投资I储蓄S收入Y)(rII)()(YSrI确定r与Y的关系:IS曲线)(YSS收入YL1(Y)L2(r)利率rkYPL1确定Y与r的关系:LM曲线PLPLPMs21hrPL2ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong5.1产品市场的均衡:IS曲线5.2货币市场的均衡:LM曲线5.3产品市场和货币市场的同时均衡:IS--LM模型5.4凯恩斯理论体系的基本框架第5章国民收入决定:IS--LM模型ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong5·1产品市场的均衡:IS曲线一、IS曲线的概念二、IS曲线的推导三、IS曲线的斜率四、IS曲线的移动ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong一、IS曲线的概念•当产品市场实现均衡时,利率r与国民收入Y之间的关系曲线,称为IS曲线。为什么叫IS曲线?产品市场均衡时总有意愿的投资I=储蓄SShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong二、IS曲线的推导(以二部门为例))(总需求)1(ICYd)(消费)2(cYaC)((投资)30II)((有效需求原理)4dYYrbI0ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong)110*IacY(表达式第三章中均衡国民收入)114)3(~)1(0*rbIacY(),可得代入(曲线方程ISShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•例如:设投资函数I=1250-250r,消费函数C=500+0.5Y)110rbIacY()2501250500(0.5-11r5003500r......2000,32500,23000,1YrYrYrShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrYrY5003500ISShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong消费函数为C=500+0.5Y储蓄函数呢?S=-500+0.5YShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong根据产品市场均衡的条件:意愿的投资=储蓄)()(YSrIYr5.05002501250rY5003500ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•IS曲线由下面三个关系导出:(1)投资与利率的关系I(r);(2)储蓄与收入的关系S(Y);(3)储蓄与投资的关系I(r)=S(Y)。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrI0I(r)4500sY0rY0sIs(Y)ISs2s1r1r2Y1Y2r1r2I1I2Y1Y2ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong利率r投资I储蓄S收入Y)(rII)()(YSrI利率由什么决定?货币市场确定r与Y的关系:IS曲线)(YSSShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•IS曲线是产品市场均衡状态的一幅图象。它表示的是:与任一给定的利率水平相对应的国民收入水平,在这样的水平上投资恰好等于储蓄,因此这条曲线称为IS曲线。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•产品市场的不均衡与IS曲线∵YD=YB∴SD=SB又∵rDrB∴IDIB又∵B在IS上,∴IB=SB∴IDIB=SB=SD∴IDSD即ADASrYISDBrDrBShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•结论:(1)IS曲线上方的点表示产品市场供过于求。(2)IS曲线下方的点表示产品市场供不应求。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongdYY产品市场均衡时TSCYGICYdTSGI•三部门IS曲线的推导(简介)ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong三、IS曲线的斜率以二部门经济为例)(110rbIacY10bIaYbcr斜率IS曲线的斜率取决于投资曲线与储蓄曲线的斜率。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•b越大,投资对利率变动的反应越敏感,同样利率的变化会引起较大投资的变化,表现在I=S上,就要求有较大的储蓄变化,进而要求国民收入有较大的变化。rYb大b小rYYShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•最初的例子)()(YSrIYr5.05002501250rY5003500......2000,32500,23000,1YrYrYrIS曲线方程四、IS曲线的移动ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong假设I0由1250增加到1500)()(YSrIYr5.05002501500rY5004000IS曲线方程......2500,33000,23500,1YrYrYrShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrY5003500......2000,32500,23000,1YrYrYrrY5004000......2500,33000,23500,1YrYrYrrYISrY5003500IS’rY5004000500ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrYISrY5003500IS’rY50040005005002505.011IKYrI对于同样的利率为什么IS曲线平移500亿元的距离?IKIShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong结论:1、政府实行扩张性财政政策时(增加政府开支、减税、增加转移支付),IS曲线右移;2、政府实行紧缩性财政政策时(减少政府开支、增税、减少转移支付),IS曲线左移;3、IS曲线移动的幅度等于政策变量的变化量乘以相应的乘数。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong5·2货币市场的均衡:LM曲线一、LM曲线的概念二、LM曲线的推导三、LM曲线的斜率四、LM曲线的移动ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong一、LM曲线的概念•当货币市场实现均衡时,国民收入Y与利率r之间的关系曲线,称为LM曲线。为什么叫LM曲线?货币市场均衡时总有货币需求L=货币供给MShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong货币需求hrkYPLPLPL21PMshrkYPLPMsLM曲线方程:)(1PMkYhrs货币市场均衡条件货币供给二、LM曲线的推导ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong例:设L1(Y)=kY=0.5Y,L2(r)=1000-250r,Ms=1250(单位:美元),P=1PLPLPMs21rY25010005.012501002.0Yr曲线方程LMShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong1002.0Yr3,20002,15001,1000rYrYrYrYLMShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•LM曲线可由下面三个关系导出:(1)货币的交易需求量与国民收入之间的关系:(2)货币的投机需求量与利率之间的关系:(3)货币的实际供给量与需求量的关系:PLPLPMs21注:要保持货币市场均衡,当L1增加一个量时,L2必须减少相同的量,否则不能维持货币市场的均衡。hrPL2kYPL1ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrL20L2(r)0rYL1(Y)L1’’L1’r1r2Y2Y1r1r2L2’0L1YY2Y10L2L1LM21LLML2’’ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong收入YL1(Y)L2(r)利率rkYPL1确定Y与r的关系:LM曲线收入由什么决定?产品市场PLPLPMs21hrPL2ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•LM曲线是货币市场均衡状态的一幅图象。它表示的是:与任一给定的国民收入水平相对应的利率水平,在这样的水平上货币的需求量恰好等于某一给定的货币的供给量,因此这条曲线称为LM曲线。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•货币市场的不均衡与LM曲线∵YA=YB,∴L1A=L1B;∵rArB,∴L2AL2BL1A+L2AL1B+L2B在A点∵L1A+L2A=Ms/P∴L1B+L2BMs/P即B点表示货币市场供过于求。rYBArBrALMShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyong•结论:(1)LM曲线上方的点表示货币市场供过于求。(2)LM曲线下方的点表示货币市场供不应求。ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrPL2)(2rPLLM曲线三个区域:利率水平很高,货币的投机需求量将等于0利率水平极低,货币投机需求量成为无限•L2两个极端的情况ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongYL2L1rh1kM45OY1r1Y2Y3r2ShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008ZhangZhenyongrY中间区域Keynes区域h古典区域0hLMShandongEconomicUniversity.copyright©2008Zha