英语词语重音-教学实用方法

201306071EnglishWordStress–TipsforTeachingWordStress英语词语重音－教学实用方法WangGuizhenGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudies王桂珍广东外语外贸大学201306072•Themostimportantsyllableinawordisthestressedsyllable,theprimarycueforidentifyingtheword.•Wordstress:communicativelyimportantandteachable•Wordstress:bridgingthecontinuumbetweensegmentalsandsuprasegmentals•EnglishPronunciationinCommunicationstartsfromthelearningofstress(SeeUnit1)WordStressinEnglish2013060731.LevelsofStressinEnglishWordsStressedsyllable:Unstressedsyllable–primarystress–majorstress–heavystress–stressedsyllableSecondary/minorstress201306074•Stressedandunstressedsyllablescanbedistinguishedbydifferencesinlength,pitch,loudness,orvowelquality.Englishmakesuseofallthesedistinctions.201306075CharacteristicsoflevelsofstressinEnglishwordsPrimary/heavystress:TElephone[phone].StressPlacementinEnglishWordsMisplacedstress—canmakeawordunrecognizableandcompletelydisruptthespeaker’smessageTherulesforEnglishstressplacementarecomplexbecauseEnglishhasborrowedmanywordsfromotherlanguages.Therearesomegeneral,teachableprincipleswhichhelpstudentsatalllevelstopredictthestressedsyllable.2013060773.NotationsforStressandSyllables2013060784.StudentProblemswithWordStress•Twogeneraldifficulties•HowdifferentlevelsofwordstressarerealizedinEnglish•Whichsyllabletostressinaword2013060795.TipsforTeachingWordStresswithExercisesandActivities•Showthedifferencebetweenstressedandunstressedsyllables.•Presentsetsofwordswiththesamestresspatterns.•Emphasizethelengthofstressedvowels.•Pointoutvowelreductioninunstressedsyllables.•Teachclassesofwordsthathavepredictablestresspatterns.2013060710•PrimaryStress•Vowelswithprimarystressarelongerandlouderthanunstressedvowels.•Incitationform,thestressedvowelisalsopronouncedonahigherpitch,•Inconnectedspeech,highpitchmaybedown-steppediftheworddoesnotpresentimportantinformation.•ThelongdurationofEnglishstressedvowelsisunfamiliartoChineseEFLlearners,andtherefore,needsspecialattention.SpecificFeaturesofWordStress2013060711•PrimaryStress•UnstressedSyllablesandVowelReduction•SecondaryStress•StresswithTwo-SyllableNounsandVerbs•StresswithCompounds•StresswithVerbsandNounswithPrepositionalPrefixes•Abbreviations•StresswithSuffixes•MoreonUnstressedSyllables•StressSwitchingSpecificFeaturesofWordStress2013060712•Native-Englishspeakers’stressedsyllableswereaboutfourtimeslongerthantheirunstressedsyllables,alargedifference.•High-proficiencyChinesespeakersofEnglishshowedthesameratioasthenativespeakers,butintermediatelearners’stressedandunstressedsyllablesdidnotdiffergreatlyinlength.•Lengthofstressedsyllablesislearnedgradually.2013060713ASyllablebananabaNAAAAna(short)(long)(short)2013060714FarFartherPhonePhoto2013060715Listening:Correctstressisimportant.InwordswithtwoormoresyllablesinEnglish,oneofthesyllableswillreceivemorestressthantheothers.Lookupthesewordsinthedictionaryandyouwillseeamarkindicatingstressinfrontofthissyllable.Peopleoftenhavedifficultyunderstandingthesewordsifthestressiswrongbecauseawordisconsideredmispronouncedifthewrongsyllablestressisused.Correctstressis,therefore,asimportantascorrectsounds.2013060716WordsNumberofsyllables1.receive()2.dictionary()3.understanding()4.because()5.considered()6.mispronounced()7.correct()8.important()2013060717Underlinetheprimarystressofeachword.1.blueprint2.driveway3.motorboat4.textbook5.beefsteak6.notebook7.greenhouse8.forestfire9.Football10.paperback2013060718MonthsoftheYear•Askstudents:•WhichwordshaveastresspatternlikeSeptember?–(answer:October,November,December)•WhichwordhasastresspatternlikeJanuary?–(answer:February)•WhichwordshaveastresspatternlikeApril?–(answer:August,Winter,Summer,Autumn)•HowmanywordshaveastresspatternlikeJuly?–(answer:justJuly)•Whichwordshaveonlyonesyllable?–(answer:March,May,June,Spring,Fall)2013060719Pairwork:Activityforthepracticeofwordstress•ShoulderSeason•Thecostoftravelingdependsonwhenyoutraveland‘whereyoutravel.High.seasonisthemostexpensivetimetotravel.Lowseasonistheleastexpensivetimetotravel.Shoulderseasonisinbetween.Ifyoudon’twanttospendalotofmoney,shoulderseasonisthebesttimetotravel.Airfaresandhotelsarenotsoexpensive,theweatherisnotusuallytoohotortoocold.Forexample,ifyou’rePlanningatripfromBeijingtoJapan,theshoulderseasonisinwinter.Nowaskyourpartnerandfindouttheshoulderseasonforyourtrip.•Thereplycanbeanyofthefollowingdependingonwhatyouknowaboutthecountrymentioned:•A.______istheshoulderseason.•B.Ithink______istheshoulderseason.•C.Ihavenoideareally,but______shouldbetheshoulderseason.•D.…2013060720•1.I’mplanningatriptoSouthAfrica.Whenistheshoulderseason?•a.JanuarytoApril.c.OctoberandNovember.•b.Summer.d.Winter.•2.I’mplanningatriptoAustralia.Whenistheshoulderseason?•a.Summer.c.Spring.•b.MaytoJuly.d.October.•3.I’mplanningatriptoTurkey.Whenistheshoulderseason?•a.Winter.c.JulyandAugust.•b.March.d.Fall.•4.I’mplanningatriptoRiodeJaneiroinBrazil.Whenistheshoulderseason?•a.February.c.Summer.•b.Winter.d.SeptembertoDecember.•5.I’mplanningatriptoItaly.Whenistheshoulderseason?•a.Summer.c.JuneandJuly.•b.Fall.d.JanuarytoM