英语诗歌分析方法

1.Whatispoetry?AliteraryformmarkedwithstanzasWritteninlinesRichimageryGreatartisticappealBeautifulharmonyCompressedcontentAnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry2.DefinitionofpoetryPoetryisaliterarygenrethatcommunicatesexperienceinthemostcondensedform.Poetryisamultidimensionallanguage:anintellectualdimension,anemotionald,asensuousd,andanimaginatived.Thesedimensionsworktogethertopassexperiencetothereader.Poetrytriestosaythemostinthefewestpossiblewords.Poetrybeginsindelight,andendsinwisdom.—RobertFrostHewhodrawsnobledelightsfromthesentimentsofpoetryisatruepoet,thoughhehasneverwrittenalineinallhislife.—GeorgeSand3.Howtoanalyzepoetry?Asidefromthebasicdemandthatpoetrysayssomething,poetryischaracterizedbythefollowingelements:1)amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsound;2)apreciseandfreshimagery;3)multiplelevelsofinterpretationssuggestedbytheconnotationsofthewordsandbyallusions.Danti:DivineComedy《神曲》Milton:ParadiseLost《失乐园》3)didacticpoem（说理诗）humorouspoem（幽默诗）burlesque（滑稽诗）parody（模仿诗）2)NarrativePoems（叙事诗）1)LyricalPoems（抒情诗）4.KindsofPoetryA.Intermsofcontent:ode（颂诗）elegy（悼念诗）idyll（田园诗）lovepoem（爱情诗）songs（韵文)ballads（民谣）Epics(史诗)(heroicpoems),DramaticPoems（戏剧诗：usu.indialogue;inblankverse）,Metricaltale(故事诗)，ballads（民谣）KindsofPoetryB.Intermsofmetre:1)MetricalPoems（格律诗）RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLines2)FreeVerse（自由诗）：不受格律、音韵的约束不讲求形式上的整齐或有规则，不寻求语言上的平衡、华美或高雅，以充分地、尽情地表达思想为主要目的。IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLines3)BlankVerse（无韵诗）：不押韵，但有音步和格律的限制;传统的无韵诗的节奏是抑扬格五音步，各节长短不一，因而有“诗段”这个说法。WithoutRhyme;WithRhythmrhythm节律，韵---syllablesandstress;音节与重音Eg.Mylove’slikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune.---foot:agroupofsyllables;音步(重音与非重音的一次交替)(number，positionofthestressedsyllable.)---patternsofthefoot:iambic(--\)抑扬；trochaic(\--)扬抑;dactylic(\----)扬抑抑;amphibrachic(----\)抑抑扬;anapestic(--\--)抑扬抑---meter:thenumberoffeet;音步,格律monometre,dimetre,trimetre,tetrametre,pentametre,…..---rhythm:regularrecurrenceofstressedandunstressedsyllables.RhymeanditsschemeRhyme:Inpoetryormusic,astructuralorsemanticpatternformedbytherepetitionofsyllableswithidenticalorsimilarsounds.---alliteration:timeandtide,breadandbutter;----endrhyme:…boy,…joy……beauty,……duty.---parallelR:aabb;---crossR:abab;---circularR:abba.---inter-rhyme:wearandtear,fairandsquair3.Rhythm（节奏）Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!ThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）IambicFoot（抑扬音步）(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus)（四步抑扬格）(AnapaesticTetrametreor4-footAnapaest)（四步抑抑扬格）4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）AnapaesticFoot（抑抑扬音步）Thestreamwillnotflow,andthehillwillnotrise,Andthecolourshaveallpassedawayfromhereyes!2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）TrochaicFoot（扬抑音步）Shakeyourchainstoearthlikedew,Whichinsleephadfallenonyou-----Youaremany------theyarefew.(TrochaicTetrametreor4-footTrochee)（四步扬抑格）3)Trochee（扬抑格）DactylicFoot（扬抑抑音步）a)Takeheruptenderly,Liftherwithcare;b)Thisisagallopingmeasureahopandatrotandagallop(DactylicHexametreor6-footDactyl)（六步扬抑抑格）4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）3)Trochee（扬抑格）4)Dactyl（扬抑抑格）(DactylicBi-metre)（两步扬抑抑格）4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格3)Trochee（扬抑格）4)Dactyl（扬抑抑格）6)Spondee（扬扬格）7)Pyrric（抑抑格）5)Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）ForthedearGodwholovethus（扬扬格）（抑抑格）（抑扬抑格）5.Foot（音步）Mono-metre（一音步）Bi-metre（二音步）Tri-metre（三音步）Tetrametre（四音步）Pentametre（五音步）Hexametre（六音步）Heptametre（七音步）Octametre（八音步）6.SoundPatterns（音韵）CVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCAlliteration（头韵）Assonance（准韵）Para-rhyme（侧韵）Reverse-rhyme（逆韵）Fullrhyme（完全韵）taketimetakelatetakeliketaketooktaketaletakelakeCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCConsonance（谐韵）CVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVC7.Alliteration:phantomfathom;psychologysimplea)Togiveemphasis:mightandmain;fitasafiddleb)Toconnectideas:Pleasepickuptheprettypinkpillsforpalepeople.c)Toconnectactions:Thefighterfledintothefield,and,foremostfighting,fell.8.Rhyme:Homefoam;chairtherea)Internalrhyme（行内韵:一行内有符合押韵规则的两个或多个词；增加诗的音乐性，也可使得几个词在意思上联系起来。）IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley)Weploughandsow---we’resovery,verylow.(ErnestJones)Ah,distinctlyIrememberitasinthebleakDecember.(Poe)IfallbetruethatIdothink.Therearefivereasonsweshoulddrink:c)FeminineRhyme（阴韵:重读音节后还有轻读音节的词押韵。）(1)Whatisfame?Anemptybubble.Gold?Atransient,shiningtrouble.(2)Riselikelionsafterslumber,Inunvvanquishablenumber.(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatistheogony?（[θi:ˈɔɡəni]神谱,神统系,记述神的史诗）Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatisphilanthropy?b)MasculineRhyme（阳韵:单音节词和重读在后的双音节或更多音节的词押韵。）d)MonosyllabicRhyme（单音节韵）:Hourtour;nowknow;dearbear;savehavee)BisyllabicRhyme（双音节韵）:f)TrisyllabicRhyme（三音节韵）:g)Eyerhyme（眼韵）:I/fly;fool/rule;write/fight;again/remain/sustainborrow/sorrow;daughter/water;conversation/compensationRoman/noman;knowit/showitbeautiful/dutiful;thinkofit/drinkofit9.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（连续韵）:Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.aAllthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b2)abab（交叉韵）:Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.aUpintheairsoblue?bOh,IdothinkitthepleasantestthingaEverachildcando!b3)abba（首尾韵）:Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;aIfeelitwhenIsorrowmost;b’T