中国传统医学中的隐性知识及其策略

华中科技大学硕士学位论文中国传统医学中的隐性知识及其策略姓名：刘秀峰申请学位级别：硕士专业：科学技术哲学指导教师：王健20080501I:IIAbstractSincePlato,westernknowledgetraditionhasbeenconcealingakindofself-evidentstandard:Knowledgemustbeclear.Itshouldbeindicated.Orelseitshouldbenot.Thelanguageisneithernaturallanguage,norprivatelanguage,butpubliclanguagewhichcanbecommunicatedinthescientificcommunity.PolanyibelievedthatoutsideofthePlato'sexplicitknowledgetradition,someknowledgeonlycanbegotanideabutcannotbeexplained,weknowmorethanwecantell.AccordingtothetheoryofthePolanyi’stacitknowledge,wecandiscoverthattheTraditionalChineseMedicineisagreattacitknowledgetreasurehouse.TherearemanyexplicitknowledgeinTraditionalChineseMedicine,butSpeakingoftheknowledge'spersonality,silenceandreposing,themajorityoftheTraditionalChineseMedicineconformstoPolanyi’stacitknowledgestandardcompletely.Asonekindoftheknowledge,itcanbesaidthattheTraditionalChineseMedicineislyinginitscharacteristicthatwemaygetanideabutdifficultywithexplains.AsthecoreoftheTraditionalChineseMedicineconceptisYi.LiaoYiqunbelievedthatthemedicinetheory'smystique,themethodoftreatmentflexibilityandthemedicineperception,whichallonlycanbemanifestedbyYicharacter,andalsonamelyso-called:medicineisYi,Yiismedicine.Thetacitknowledge’scharacteristicinTraditionalChineseMedicineneedsaspecialstrategythatisdifferenttotheexplicitknowledgebutsuitabletothetacitknowledge.ButinChina,themodernChinesemedicineknowledge’smanagementandtheexchange,allfollowtheexplicitknowledgestandardaccordingtothewesternmedicine'sstandard.NotonlythislettheTraditionalChineseMedicineloseitscharmgradually,butalsoithasweakeneditscorecompetitivepower.Moreimportantly,thiscrudewaywascausingtheTraditionalChineseMedicineknowledge’sexchangeandinheritancebecomingmoredifficult,andcreatedtheseriousculturetolosedaybyday,thenformedtheessentiallyinjurytotheTraditionalChineseMedicine.Preserveduntilnowasonekindofculturewiththevitality,theTraditionalChineseMedicineneednottoprotectsedulously.Onthecontrary,itneedsrespectandunderstanding,needsthespecialintellectualpropertyrightsIIIstrategy,theknowledgeexchangestrategyandthetalentedpersonstrategywhicharetosuititsnaturaldisposition.Thesethreehasitsconnotationrespectivelyalsotobeclosedeachother.Keywords:TraditionalChineseMedicineTacitKnowledgeYiStrategy_____111.119582000.:..,2000.73.21.2...2005,,110...,2002(1)..:.,2006..:.,2006,14..:.,2005..:.,2006.31.3422.12.1.1Plato427347B.C.Socrates469399B.C...,2002(1)..5ideaideaidea2.1.2GalileoGalilei1564-1642GottfriendWilhelmLeibniz16461716LudwigWittgenstein18891951..,2002,168~198..Eidosidea..2004,(2)...,.2002,(1)....2005,110.62.1.3MichaelPolanyi1891197612Weknowmorethanwecantell?....,1998,84...,2002(1)...,1998,89..::..,2000,102.72.21958PersonalKnowledgeExplicitKnowledgeTacitKnowledge2.2.12.2.28Tacitdimension2.2.3Knowledgeinaction.:..,2000,73.9MichaelOakeshott1901—1990PracticalknowledgeTechnicalknowledgeThesovereigntyoftechnique2.32.3.1ThomasKuhn1922—1996Paradigm.:..,2000,78-79..:..,2000,79....2005,,110.102.3.2...2005,.110.112.3.3.:..,2000,317..:..,2000,154..:..,2000,317..:..,2000,103.1233.13.1.1.:.,2006,42.133.1.2.:.,2006,14..:.,2006,15.14Tacitknowing3.1.3.:.,2006,15..:.,.2006,38..:.,2006,39..:.,2006,39.153.23.2.1.:.,2006,44.1689-1053.2.21965.2735...:.,2006,43~44..:..2006,43~45....1955496..:.,2006,46.17.:..,2006,46..:.,2006,46..:.,2006,50..:.,.2006,50..:.,2006,50...:.,2006,54.183.2.3?..:.,2006,61..:.,2006,61~66.193.33.3.13.3.2..,2004,3...,2004,29..:.,2006,474.20.:..,2000,2..:..,2000,45..:.,2005,7..:.,2006,2~10.213.3.3.:.,2006,487.2244.14.1.123200612610001994199924:;4.1.2..,2004,15....(2285)...,2006,276.244.1.3RobertKingMerton19102003..,2006,276...50.,1984,63.254.24.2.1ScientificCommunity..,2000,26.264.2.2IBMBlog274.2.34.34.3.119511227282004512.:.,2006,111..:.,2006,195..:.,2006,196..:.,2006,485.294.3.24.3.33031.:.,2006,42.3233200842234[1],..,1981.[2],..,1963.[3],...,2002.[4],..,2003.[5],.:.,2000.[6]..:,2005.[7]..,1998.[8]..:,2005.[9].:.:,2006.[10].:.:,2006.[11]..,2004.[12]..,2006.[13]..,2000.[14].:.,2006.[15]();.:.:,2003.[16],.50.:,1984.[17],,.:.:,2003.[18],,..:,2004.[19],,..,2003.[20]..:,2002.[21]..,2004.35[22]..:,2006.[23]PaulU.Unschuld.ChineseMedicine,ParadigmPublications,1998.[24]LoisN.Magner.AHistoryofMedicine,Dekker1992.[25]Polanyi.M.PersonalKnowledge.London:Routledge&Kegan,c.1958.12.[26]Polanyi.M.TheTacitDimension.London:Routlege&Kegan,Paul.1966.4.,[27]PaulU.Unschuld.MedicineinChina-aHistoryofIdeas,U.ofCaliforniaPress,1985.[1]..,2005,(4).[2].Eidosidea.,2004,(2).[3]..,1996,(6).[4]..,2005,(110).[5]..,2002,(1).[6]..,(2285).[7]..,1965,(74).[8]..,2005.5.[9]..,2004.5.25.[10]..,2005.1.[11]..2002,2005.5.[12]..,2005.5.[13]..,2006.7,15(4).[14]..(),2006,(4).36[15]..,2005.3,18(3).[16],..,2004.10,16(5).[17],..(),2006.3,21(1).[18]..,2005.11,26(6).[19],..,2006.4,24(2).[20]..,2006,(3).[21]...,2001.2,18(1).[22]..,2005,(5).[23],.((R&D)).,2006,(3).[24],..,2003,(1).[25].——.,2006,(4).[26].?!.,2007.2.[27]..,1984,(10).[28]..,1935,9(6).[29],..,1983,(1).[30]..,2000.5,27(5).[31]..,1996,(5).[32]..(),2003.12,4(4).[33],..,20