搜索
13(二）名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词有生命的加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes无生命的加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,9以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的名词加-scase，oranges2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen148合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法：１表示时间today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然现象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群体theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定词组abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词：thestruggleoftheoppressed注：不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChinese,aChinese,twoChinese瑞士人theSwiss,aSwiss,twoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustralians,anAustralian,twoAustralians俄国人theRussians,aRussian,twoRussians意大利人theItalians,anItalian,twoItalians希腊人theGreek,aGreek,twoGreeks法国人theFrench,aFrenchman,twoFrenchmen日本人theJapanese,aJapanese,twoJapanese美国人theAmericans,anAmerican,twoAmericans印度人theIndians,anIndian,twoIndians加拿大人theCanadians,aCanadian,twoCanadians德国人theGermans,aGerman,twoGermans英国人theEnglish,anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedish,aSwede,twoSwedes4.特殊的复数形式:1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。thepolice警察(指全体警察)theEnglish英国人(指全体英国人)theFrench法国人(指全体法国人)2）复合名词15awomanteacher—womenteachers女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen英国男子agrown-up—grown-ups成人abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯5.不可数名词专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake西湖物质名词：液体：milkwaterteacoffeejuiceoil(油)肉类：beefchickenmuttonpork天气：weatherrainsnowwindlight光其他：news(新闻，消息)bread(面包)抽象名词：funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯名词练习1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.A.roofs,leafsB.roofs,leavesC.rooves,leafsD.rooves,leaves2.Therearethree____inourfactory.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.womendoctor3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?A.potatos,tomatosB.potatos,tomatoesC.potatoes,tomatosD.potatoes,tomatoes4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’sB.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’sC.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’sD.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s5.Theanthastwo____.A.stomachesB.stomacksC.stomachD.stomachs6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.A.chickB.chickenC.chickensD.chicks7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.A.soB.suchC.soasD.sucha8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.A.soundB.soundsC.thesoundsD.asound10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.A.cattle,cowsB.cows,cattleC.cattles,cowsD.cow,cattles11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate（军营门口）.A.havegatheredB.hasgatheredC.isD.was12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.size13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.