初中英语复习专辑——名词、冠词、代词、不定代词、数词、介词、连词、形容词、副词的比较等级、动词四种名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点:1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化:man—men;woman—women;child—childrenpoliceman—policemenEnglishman—EnglishmenFrenchman—Frenchmenfoot—feet;tooth—teethmouse(鼠)—miceB、规则变化1)s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加seg.boxes[bɔksiz]blouses[blauziz]3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]eg.knives[naivz]4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]5)一般加s浊就浊[z]但注意以下几点:①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes②单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数mandoctor—mendoctors④reef—reefs⑤“某国人”的复数:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.3、名词所有格:名词’s(意思是“……的”)A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”但注意:1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“’”eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg.thelegofthedesk4)双重所有格:afriendofmyfather’safriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)初中英语复习专辑(2)——冠词1、不定冠词a,ana用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abookausefulbooka“u”[ju:sful][ju:]an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anappleanhouran“F”[au][ef]2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物Thebookonthedeskismine.2)世上独一无二的事物前thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky3)形、副最高级及序数词前Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词,如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时,则不能再用the)HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况:1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.2)playtheviolin/piano初中英语专辑(3)——代词(一)指示代词:this,that,these,those.this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。thatapple(√)thatmeat(×)TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotas______inGuangzhou.[that](二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1)人称代词:主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+宾格)eg.1)Ithankyou2)Youthankme.2)物主代词:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变(my—mine);二留(his—hisits—its)三加s(your—yours;our—ours;her—hers;their—theirs)用法:有名不名,无名是名eg.Thisis_____(我的)book.Thisbookis______(我的).[my;mine]3)反身代词:某某自己;亲自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配:1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快2.hurtoneself伤着自己3.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学4.(all)byoneself(完全)独立地5.helponeselfto请自便;随便吃…6.lookafteroneself自理;照顾自己7.leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于…(三)不定代词1)some与any一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头)2)many+可数=alotof:许多much+不可数(但alotof不能用于否定句)3)few,afew;little,alittle表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)afew(几个;一些)不可数little(几乎没有)alittle(一点儿少许)①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Thereare____newwordsinit.[few]②.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.[little]4)everyone/anyone不加ofnoone不加ofnoneof()____ofuswantstoreadthebook.[B]A.EveryoneB.EveryoneC.NobodyD.Noone5)other,another,others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersome…others特指one…theother一个…另一个theothers=theother+复名(另外的人或物)①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese.②.MayIhave___________apple?③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty.④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.[other;another;others;theothers]另外注意:oneanother(三者以上的)相互eachother(两者的)相互Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人)Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上)6)二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意:①.both否定neitherall否定none②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名7)each:(二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定)every:(三者以上的)每个——只作定语)①.____studentintheclasslikesEnglish.②.___ofthestudentsstudiedhard.[Every;Each]初中英语复习专辑(4)——数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词,表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法)365—threehundredandsixty-five505—fivehundredandfive2.基数词变序数词的方法:基变序,有规律;词尾要加th。一二三,特殊记;词尾分别tdd。八去t,九去e;ve则以f替。ty则变作ti;后面还有一个e。要是遇到几十几;只将个位变成序。eg.one—firsttwo—secondthree—thirdeight—eighthnine—ninthtwelve—twelfthtwenty—twentiethtwenty-one–-twenty-first3.数词的应用:A、时刻表达法:a.整点:基数词+o’clockeg.It’seighto’clocknow.b.几点几分:1.直接表达法:先小时后分eg.3:25threetwenty-five2.间接表达法:先分后小时1)(30分钟)用past:分钟past小时eg.3:25twenty-five(minutes)pastthree2)(30分钟)用to:(60-分钟数)to(小时数+1)eg.3:35twenty-five(minutes)tofour3)30分钟=half15分钟=aquartereg.3:30threethirty=halfpastthree3:15threefifteen=aquarterpastthree.3:45threeforty-five=aquartertofourB、日期表达法:月日,年(或日月年)1949年10月1日:October1st,nineteenforty-nine=thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine2000年:theyeartwothousand=twentyhundred2001年:twentyoone3月1日:Marchthefirst=thefirstofMarchC、表编号:第207房间:Room207第五课:Lesson5=thefifthlessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连用表“又一;再一”eg.You’vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryafourthtime?E、分数的表达:分子(基数)、分母(序数)eg.onethird三分之一twothirds三分之二注意:1.分子超过1时,分母加s2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)Onethirdofthestudentsaregirls.2)Onethirdofthemilkismine.3.分数的特殊形式1)onethird=athird2)onefourth=aquarterthreefourths=threequarters3)onesecond=ahalfF、一些数词的复数+of表约数:hundredsof;thousandsof;millionsof初中英语复习专辑(5)——介词1.in;on;at用在时间词前,表“在”1)at+具体时刻2)on+具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意:atnight=inthenightatnoonatthis/thattimeatChristmaseg.1.___themorning2.___Mondaymorning3.___arainyevening4.___3:505.__20026.___themorningofApril107.___spring8.___night9.___thistime