翻译中的转译法

2020/1/291Lecture4ConversionofWordTypes词类转译2020/1/292DefinitionByconversionitismeantthatintranslationawordofacertaintype/classintheSLtextisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintoawordofthesametype/classintheTLtext,i.e.nocorrespondenceofwordtypes/classesbetweenthetwolanguagesisnecessaryintranslating.Awordoftenhastobeconvertedintoadifferentwordtype/classsoastoconformtotheusageoftheTLduetodifferencesinsyntacticstructuresandidiomaticexpressionsofthetwolanguages.2020/1/293Motivation理据•Hisdrawingofchildrenisexceptionallygood.•他的小孩画特别好。•他画小孩尤其擅长。•他画孩子画得特别好。•Talkingwithhisson，theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman'spastwrongdoings．•和儿子谈话时，老人是年轻人过去做错事的原谅者。•在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了儿子过去做的错事。2020/1/294•Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.•火箭已经发现为宇宙探索的应用。•火箭已经用来探索宇宙。2020/1/2954TypesofConversion1.ConversionintoVerbs转译成动词2.Conversionintonouns转译成名词3.Conversionintoadjectives转译成形容词4.Conversionintoadverbs转译成副词2020/1/2961.ConversionintoVerbs转译成动词•英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。•HeadmiresthePresident‘sstateddecisiontofightforthejob.•他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。2020/1/297•汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。•张三打算进城买驴推磨做豆腐挣钱娶媳妇。•ZhangSandecidedtogotothemarkettobuyadonkey,whichwouldthenhelphimmakebeancurdbyturningthemillsothathecouldearnenoughmoneytogetawife.2020/1/298①Nounsintoverbs名词转译为动词•AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.•从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。•IamafraidIcan'tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.•我恐怕不能教你游泳。我想我弟弟比我教得好。2020/1/299•ThethoughtthatshewouldbeseparatedfromherhusbandduringhislonganddangerousjourneysaddenedMrs.Brown.•布郎太太一想到丈夫要踏上那漫长而危险的旅途而自己又不能同行，（心里）不禁感到难过。2020/1/2910•ThepresenceoftheIndianshereatthetimeofColumbus’arrivalwassufficientproofofit.•在哥伦布来到美洲的时候，此地已经有了印第安人，仅凭这个事实，就足以证明这一点。2020/1/2911•TheinternationalfoodshortagehadadirectimpactonKuwaitandotherbarrendesertcountries.•由于世界普遍缺乏粮食，这就直接影响到科威特和其它/土地贫瘠的/不毛的沙漠国家。2020/1/2912•Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.•读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。2020/1/2913•Whatkindofsailorareyou?•你晕不晕船？（beabadsailor晕船；beagoodsailor不晕船）2020/1/2914②Prepositionsintoverbs介词转译成动词•Coming!Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.•“来啦！”她蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。2020/1/2915•SouthAfricahasrefusedtoheedthelegitimateappealoftheUnitedNationsforco-operation.•南非无视联合国要求合作的正当呼吁。2020/1/2916•…thatweherehighlyresolve…,thatthisnationunderGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom,andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.•所以我们要在这里表示最大的决心......；这个国家在上帝的保佑下，一定要获得自由的新生；民有、民治、民享的政府决不会从地球上消失。2020/1/2917③Adjectivesintoverbs形容词转译成动词•英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious等。2020/1/2918•Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.•她能够给我发送信息这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。2020/1/2919•Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.•你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。2020/1/2920•SuchcriticismshavebecomefamiliarinhislatercommentariesonAmerica.•类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。2020/1/2921④Adverbsintoverbs副词转译成动词•Thatdayhewasupbeforesunrise.•那天他在日出以前就起来了。2020/1/2922•Wisely,youmadenoattempttohavetheseproblemsdiscussedbytheGeneralAssembly,believingthattheyshouldbedealtwithelsewhere.•你非常明智，没有试图让大会讨论这些问题，而认为应在其它场合解决。2020/1/29232.Conversionintonouns转译成名词①Verbsintonouns动词转译成名词2020/1/2924•Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.•他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。2020/1/2925•Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.•在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。2020/1/2926②Adjectivesintonouns形容词转译成名词•RobinHoodandhismerrymenhatedtherichandlovedandprotectedthepoor.•罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。2020/1/2927•Stevensonwaseloquentandelegant----butsoft.•史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。2020/1/2928③Adverbsintonouns副词转译成名词•ItwasofficiallyannouncedthattheyagreedonareplytotheSovietUnion.•官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信一事取得了一致的意见。2020/1/2929•Theimagemustbedimensionallycorrect.•图形的尺寸必须正确。•ThepapersaideditoriallythatMcMillanhasstolenthewesternleadershipduringDulles’absence.•这家报纸的社论说，麦克米兰公司在杜勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。2020/1/29303.Conversionintoadjectives转译成形容词①Nounsintoadjectives名词转译成形容词2020/1/2931•Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.•她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。2020/1/2932•Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessaryhelp.•他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。•Shehasbeautystill,and,ifitisnotinitsheyday,itisnotyetinitsautumn.•她依然很美，如果不是芳华正茂，也还不到迟暮之年。2020/1/2933②Adverbsintoadjectives副词转译成形容词•Thecomputerischieflycharacterizedbyitsaccurateandquickcomputations.•这台计算机的主要特点是计算准确而迅速。2020/1/29344.Conversionintoadverbs转译成副词①Nounsintoadverbs名词转译成副词2020/1/2935•Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.•只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风度将这人争取过来。2020/1/2936•HehadthehonortoattendthePeople’sCongress.•他光荣地出席了人民代表大会。2020/1/2937②Adjectivesintoadverbs形容词转译成副词•Canyougiveanaccuratetranslationofthesentence?•你能确切地把这句话译出来吗？2020/1/2938THANKYOU!2020/1/