边界,偏滤器及PSI

边界、偏滤器及PSI李建刚双清论坛，2007/03，合肥ASIPP内容•基本图像及过程；•基本问题；•目前该领域的前沿问题•ITER最关心的问题•稳态运行下的重要问题•下一代装置的新问题。ASIPP基本图像及过程ASIPP边缘等离子体和其周围壁的相互作用将对等离子体芯部产生重要的影响•边缘等离子体是热绝缘层，同时控制杂质进入到等离子体芯部；•壁受很强的热负荷以及来自芯部粒子的轰击，材料腐蚀及杂质产生；•氢的再循环过程的控制及对等离子体密度控制的影响；•在热和粒子作用下材料性能的稳定及使用安全性/微观结构的变化•中子辐照后材料活化及变性ASIPP基本问题•Transport(flow,Cross-field,Turbulence)•ELMs&disruptions•D/Tretention&removal•Materials&migration•Wallconditioning•Heatflux&particlehandlingASIPPEdgeTransport复杂的三维问题•相对成熟的理论和模拟•较好的诊断及实验数据的支持；•国内有独特的工作；•尚需进一步的integration.SOLflowsareacontrollingprocessinimpuritytransportaswellastritiumco-depositionASIPPELMs&disruptions造成偏滤器及PFC损坏及寿命降底Filamentarynature(n~7-15)rotatingtoroidallyandpoloidallyELMstravelfarintotheSOLhavingasubstantialeffectonthedensityandtemperatureatthelimiterASIPPD/Tretention&removal•All-carbonPFCtokamakshaveDretentionperdischarge~3-50%ofthatinjected,TSevenhigher.•ITERretentionof0.1%neededforcontinuousoperation•20%ofthetotalDretentionisonthesidesoftiles•DeepretentionintileswilladdtoITERTretentionlevels•TremovaliscriticalforITERoperation!ASIPPELMs(disruptions)migration•Shapingandmagneticbalance•螺旋场(DIII-D,JET,Asdex-U)•Pellet•其它控制J(r)方法ASIPP不锈钢、W、Mo、CBM、Be、CFC、CFC+高Z（W，Mo，V，为反应堆做准备）；目前认为：高Z材料(W)往将来聚变堆方向发展可能更有前途。面对等离子体材料ASIPPITERPFC侯选材料及其优缺点BeCBMW优点-与等离子体的相容性（低Z）-无化学溅射-相对较高热导值-可原位修复-强的吸氧能力-低活性-低Z值（积累了大量经验）-优良的热冲击性（特别是CFC材料）-低破裂腐蚀率-高热导率-作为高热通量部件可以用作限制器及偏滤器材料-可原位修复-可承受高热应力-物理溅射域值高，没有化学腐蚀（H+）-高熔点-高热导-低的氚储存和肿胀缺点-低熔点-使用寿命短-耐中子辐照能力低-800℃以上耐氧化性差-有毒性，需安全措施-尘埃易爆-氚储存量大-辐照增强升华-低的抗氧化性-中子辐照后热导降低（但通过退火可部分恢复）-需一定焙烧和清洗技术-与铜热沉连接时的热膨胀时失配较大-尘埃易爆-中子辐照后发脆-高的辐射性-高Z（等离子体中可容许浓度低）-在大的聚变装置中缺乏大量使用数据-差的加工性-与铜热沉连接时的热膨胀时失配较大-尘埃易爆Materialsmigration-sameforSSO?ASIPPWallconditioning•Impuritycleaning(GDC,TDC,ICR,ECR)•Recyclingandisotropiccontrol•LowZcoating(C,B,Li)•Tremoving(2-3orderlowerforITER)Oxidation,flashlamplaserablationdisruptionASIPP目前该领域的前沿问题•UnderstandingtheeffectofELMs/disruptionsondivertorandfirstwallstructures,•Tritiumretention&theprocessesthatdetermineit,•ImproveunderstandingofSOLplasmainteractionwiththemainchamber,•BetterprescriptionofperpendiculartransportcoefficientsandboundaryconditionsforinputtoBPXmodeling.•SOLtransport(parallelanddrift)&influenceonCtransport,High-Zmaterials-operationalexperience,•Improveourunderstandingofprocessesthatdeterminethecoreimpuritylevel,•Theimpactofthesimultaneoususeofdifferentmaterials(e.g.tritiumretention).ASIPPITPA:HighPriorityResearchAreas:recommendationsfor2005/2006•Fuelingcomparisonacrossmachines•Materialmigration•emphasisonC13injectionexperimentsandflowmeasurements•Roleofdivertorgeometryinaffectingperformance(exp’tandtheory)•Dust•Modelofmovement+summaryofexistingknowledge•Tritiumremoval•newresultsonTcodepositionontilesidesASIPPITER最关心的问题ChoiceofPFC(D)•LackofexperimentalbasisforoperationwithuncoatedW.TheentirephysicsbasisofITERisfromoperationwithlowZdivertorandfirstwallsurfaces,andprimarilycarbondivertorandfirstwallsurfaceswithsubstantialuseofboronandBerylliumsurfaces.•Tritiumretention;howlongcanITERoperatebeforeactivetritiumremovaltechniqueswouldneedtobeemployed.Principalconcerniscarbonmaterialsbutrecentdataraiseconcernsaboutmetalsalso.Needcarefullookatthedata.•Lackofprovenanduniversallyapplicabletritiumremovaltechniques.Needresearchworktodeveloptechniques•Impulsiveheatloadsontoberyllium-cladsurfaces(mitigateddisruptions,ELMs)•Needforprotectionlimiterstoprotectcoolingpassagesfromrunaways.•Uncertaintiesinmixedmaterialproperties(Wpropertiesdegradation,Be,C,Wmixedmaterialcodeposition)•InfluxoftungstenduetoICRFsheaths•AdequacyofexistingbakeoutcapabilitytoconditiondivertortilesandremoveASIPPIssuecardsdirectlydealingwiththissubject•1.5-19Carbonerosion/deposition/controloftritiuminventoryandmaterial-choice•1.5-32StartingupITERwithall-carbonPFCs•1.6-2Confirmfeasibilityoffullreplacementoffirstwall•1.6-23Day1ITERoperationwithtungstenPFCsinthemainchamber•1.6-27ITERwithoutBeplasmafacingcomponents•1.6-28ITPAFW-3&PFC-3.Geometryandmaterialoptimisationofplasmafacingcomponentsatthemainwallanddivertor•1.6-3DesignAssessmentoftheStart-upLimiter•1.8-05WallconditioninginITER•1.8-06DivertorgasinjectorandsubdivertoranodesforT/Cco-depositioncontrolandremoval•1.8-09ITPAFW-6.On-linediagnosisofH/D/Tinventory•1.8-10ITPATritium-1.Tritiumremovalandmitigationoftritiumretention•1.9-04Physicsguidelinesfordisruptionsthermalload•1.9-13Limitationstostartupflexibilityforadvancedscenarios•1.9-201TritiumretentionandH/D/Tcontrol•1.9-26ITPAStartup-1.LimitationstoplasmastartupforITERScenarios•1.9-4Physicsguidelinesfordisruptionsthermalload•2.3-09ReviewofRHclassesandmaintenancefrequencyforITERcomponents•2.3-11Analysisofthedivertorexchangeprocess•2.3-20ReviewITERin-vesselcomponentreplacementstrategy•2.3-29ITPAFW-2.Increaseofflexibilityinfirstwalldesign•5.2-13WallconditioninginITER•8.0-6AssessmentofmaintenancescenariosASIPPITER最关心的问题•ELMs/Disrutionmigration•IdentifyripplerequirementsfortheattainmentofthephysicsobjectivesASIPP稳态运行下的重要问题•氢的分布、滞留，特别是在壁饱和条件下的行为；•再循环的作用、对高约束性能的影响、控制；•杂质对长脉冲特别是高约束等离子体的影响；•第一壁材料的腐蚀及再沉积；•材料的辐照损伤。ASIPP1)Highenergycontent(sev