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2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)第1页共10页PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyontheimportanceofwritingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sincethe1940s,southernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.Thingsarenotasbadastheyoncewerebut,accordingtotheAmericanLungAssociation,LosAngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevelsof(26)_______GazingdownonthecityfromtheGettyCenter,anartmuseumintheSantaMonicaMountains,onewouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurredbythehaze(霾）.Noristhestate'sbadair(27)_______toitssouth.Fresno,inthecentralvalley,comestopofthelistinAmericaforyear-roundpollution.Residents'heartsandlungsareaffectedasa(28)_______.Allofwhich,combinedwithCalifornia'sreputationasthehomeoftechnological(29)_______,makestheplaceidealfordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitorpollutionin(30)_______AndthatisjustwhatAclima,anewfirminSanFrancisco,hasbeendoingoverthepastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringstationsthatare(31)_______toyieldminute-to-minutemapsof(32)_______airpollution.Suchstationswillalsobeabletokeepaneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.Tothisend,Aclimahasbeen(33)_______withGoogle'sStreetViewsystem.DavidaHerzl,Aclima'sboss,saystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhenSanFrancisco'stransitworkerswenton2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)第2页共10页strikeandthecity's(34)_______wereforcedtousetheircars.Conversely,“cycletotheirjobby(35)_______pollutionlows.A)assistedB)collaboratingC)consequenceD）consumersE)creatingF)detailG)domesticH)frequentlyI)inhabitantsJ)innovationK)intendedL)outdoorM)pollutantsN)restrictedO)sumSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomework[A]Digitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat'sreplacing一andsometimesjoining—expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.[B]Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings，whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith，representthefutureoftheindustry.[C]Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(观念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.[D]“Whenwetalkaboutaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(垄断），anew2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)第3页共10页waytolockstudentsaroundthissystem，”saidEthanSenack，thehighereducationadvocatefortheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you，repaying$120，”saidSenack.Butbecauseit，salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.[E]SannaHarper,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomework,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarper,whohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.[F]Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It'sabalancingact,”shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow?”Shedidn'thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.[G]Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they'rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts”.[H]APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatur