Development of Eye-Safe Lidar Technology for Aeros

EngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionDevelopmentofEye-SafeLidarTechnologyforAerosolandCloudMeasurementsScottHigdonITTAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionLasersandElectromagneticsDepartmentAlbuquerque,NMUSEPAORSWorkshopJuly30,2002ScottHigdonPh:(505)[e-mail]ndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionPresentationOutline•LidarOverview•Eye-SafeLidarforAtmosphericAerosols•DifferentialScatteringLidarforBio-AgentDetection•LaserInterrogationofSurfaceAgents(LISA)Radar=RadioDetectionandRangingAmplifierA-DConverterorPhotonCounterComputerDataStorageLidar=LightDetectionandRangingAerosolsMoleculesEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionITTLidarMeasurementTechniquesElasticBackscatterLaserRamanScatteringDifferentialAbsorptionLidar(DIAL)1-50km1-50m1-15kmRangeResolvedorPathIntegratedMeasurementsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionITTLidarTechnologyProgramChemicalandBiologicalAgentDetectionAtmospheric&EnvironmentalLidarSensorsGround-BasedDifferentialAbsorptionLidarTheITTlidarteamdevelopsandfieldsoperationallidarsensorsforchem/biowarfareagentdetectionandforatmosphericandenvironmentalmeasurements.StandoffDetectionofSurfaceDepositedChemicalWeaponAgentsStandoffDetectionofBiologicalWeaponAgentsAirborneDetectionofVaporPhaseChemicalWeaponAgentsAirborneDifferentialAbsorptionLidarRamanLidarDifferentialScatteringEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionEye-SafeLidarforAtmosphericAerosolsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionAEROSOLPARTICLESFOSSILFUELCOMBUSTIONSO2GROUNDBASEDLIDARMEASUREMENTSNATURALSOURCESTRANSPORTMIXINGREACTIONEFFECTONEARTH’STEMPERATURENaturalSources:windblowndust,seaspray,volcanoes,gas-to-particleconversion;etc.AnthropogenicSources:fuelcombustion,materialprocessing(eg.crushing,grinding),intentionalreleaseofbiologicalagentaerosolsAtmosphericAerosolSourcesEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivision01000200030004000500060007000200010000Range(meters)Barcelona26jul323d;17:42hrs,35degAltitude(meters)MixLayerStableResidualLayers010002000300040005000600070008000Range(meters)3500300025002000150010005000r2CorrectedData8.014202632MexicoCityAltitude(meters)PBLandMixLayerHeightEntrainmentZoneConvectionCellIndustrialPlumesHighwayExamplesofAerosolLidarMeasurementsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionHamptonUniversityEye-safeAerosolSystemCenterforLidarandAtmosphericSciencesStudentsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionForthesameoperatingparameters,a1.5mmlaseris~105timessaferthan1.064mmlaser~200timessaferthan0.355mmlaser01234511030.010.111010011031104MaximumEyesafeEnergy(mJ)Q1a()Q2a()Q3a()acmMaxEyesafeEnergyvs.BeamDiameter,a,atLaserOutput11.55103nmPRF120HzL16ns21.064103nmPRF220HzL26ns3355nmPRF320HzL36nsBeamdiameteratlaseroutputaperture1064nm355nm1500nmEyeSafetyConsiderationsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionEye-SafeNear-IRTransmitterNd:YAGOutput(14Hz)320mJAfterIsolator290mJOPOOutput82mJOPOEnergyStability(/mean)2%Nd:YAGDivergence(FullAngle)M20.43x0.80mrad3x6OPODivergence(FullAngle)M24.8x5.8mrad12x23•Operationat20HzyieldedunusuallyhighdivergenceforNd:YAGandOPO.•Nd:YAGreconfiguredforlowerPRFoperation.•PresenttestsunderwaytofullycharacterizeeffectsofpumpdivergenceandPRFEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionReceiverOpticsLightweightTelescopeMirrorTransceiverHousingReceiverOpticalDesignLens/FilterSubassemblyLens1InGaAsAPDFilterLens2Lens310”CatadioptricTelescopeEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionCLASSLidarTeamatHamptonUniversityCenterforLidarandAtmosphericSciencesStudentsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionAtmosphericandHardTargetReturnSignalsNearFieldReturnFarFieldReturn(SandiaMountains)EngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivision(A)(B)ScanningLidarBackscatterSignalAfterBackgroundSubtractionandRangeCorrection(A)Jan-02-2002,Hampton,USA,azimuthalscanningofacloudwith70degreeselevationangle,(B)Jan-02-2002,Hampton,USA,elevationscanningofacloudCloudMeasurementsEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionMicro-PulseLidar(MPL)Technology•PioneeredbyNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenter•Useshighreprate(1-10kHz)/lowpulseenergy(10-50mJ)at532nmtoachieveeye-safeoutputattheaperture•Low-cost,reliable,autonomousoperation•Requireslongtimeaveragesandnotconducivetoscanning•NASAGSFCisdevelopinganetworkoftheselidars(MPL-Net)atvariouslocationsaroundtheworldEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionRemoteDetectionofBio-AgentAerosolsDifferentialScatteringLidarEngineeredforLifeITTIndustriesAdvancedEngineering&SciencesDivisionTransmitterforBio-AgentDetectionUsingDifferentialScatteringLidarmOPONd:YAG3.4-3.7mOCHRTypeIIIKTA100mJ1.5mm1.5mmOPOOCHRTypeIIIK