第三章 商品品名品质数量包装 英文

Chapter3DescriptionofCommoditiesYouwilllearntheseterms:ⅠNameofCommodityⅡQualityofCommodityⅢQuantityofCommodityⅣPackingofCommodityⅠ.NameofCommodityThisclauseisamaincomponentoftheDescriptionofGoods.Usually,thepartiestothecontractjustspecifythenameoftheproductunderthesubject“NameofCommodity”.Asthebasisofatransaction,itconcernstherightsandobligationsofthebuyerandtheseller.Ifthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerarenotinaccordancewiththeagreednameofcommodity,thebuyerreservestherighttolodgeaclaim,rejectthegoodsorevencancelthecontract.Therefore,asamainconditionofsale,thenameofcommodityshouldbeclearlystipulated..Whengivingthename,trytobespecificandadoptthewidelyacceptednameagreedbybothparties.Case1:Whenthecommodityof“唐太宗酒糟鱼”exportedtoHongkong,thetariffdoubledbecauseof“酒”.Sotheychangedthenameto“唐太宗糟鱼”.Case2“hand-madexuanpaper”Ⅱ.QualityofCommodity1.Concept.Thequalityofgoodsreferstoboththeoutwardappearanceandtheinnerfeaturesofthegoods:theshape,structure,color,sizeaswellastheirchemicalcomposition,physicalandmechanicalperformance,biologicalfeatures,ortechnicalindexes.2.FunctionsoftermsofQuantity.Thequalityofgoodsisoneofthebasictermsthatdefinestheconditionofthegoodsinthecontractbetweenthecontractingparties.Ifthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerarenotinconformitywiththecontract,thebuyerhastherighttoaskforcompensationforlosses,substitutionorrepairofthegoods,orcanevenrefusetoacceptthegoodsorcancelthecontract.3.MethodsofStipulatingQualityoftheGoodsTherearedifferentwaysofdefiningthequalitiesofthegoods:1)Stipulatingthequalitybydescription2)Expressingthequalitybyexaminingtheactualgoods1)StipulatingthequalitybydescriptionSalebyspecificationSpecificationrefertothechemicalcomposition,content,purity,size,length,thickness,weight,orarticlenumber.Forexample:ChineseNortheastSoybeans:Oilcontent18%(min.)Moisturecontent15%(max.)Admixture1%(max.)Imperfectgrains9%(max.)SalebyGrade.Gradesrefertothedifferentclassificationsofthesamecommoditywhichareindicatedbywords,numbersorsymbols,suchaslarge,medium,small,orGrade1,Grad2andGrade3.ContentsGradeTungstenTrioxide(Min.)Tin(Max)Arsenic(Max.)Sulphur(Max.)Superior1270%65%65%0.2%0.2%1.5%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.8%0.8%0.8%SalebyStandard.Standardrefertothespecificationsorgradesthatarestipulatedandpublishedbygovernmentalorcommercialorganizations.Transactionsofsomeagriculturalandsidelineproductssometimesadoptthestandardtoexpressthequalityofthegoods:fairaveragequality(F.A.Q.)F.A.Q.referstotheaveragequalityoftheexportcommoditywithinacertainperiodoftime.Differentseasonsmayhavedifferentstandardsforthesamecommodity.Therefore,thisstandardisveryambiguous.Whenadoptingthisstandard,thesellershouldstipulatethespecificationindexesinthecontractorthedate,month,yearofthequalitystandard.Forexample:ChineseGroundnut,2004crop,F.A.Q.Moisture10%(max)Admixture5%(max)Oilcontent45%(min)ImperfectGrains8%(max)SalebyBrandorTrademark.Trademarksarethedistinguishingmarksattachedtothegoodsthathavebeenregisteredunderthetrademarklawandcannotbeusedbyanotherproducer.Theyconsistofbrandname,letters,symbols,numbers,designsandpictures.Theaimofattachingdistinctivemarkstoacommodityistoensureitsquality.Salebybrandortrademarkissuitableforfinishedindustrialproductsofstablequality.Suchas“LongjingGreenTea”“MalingBrandWorcestershireSauce”SalebyDescription,DrawingorDiagram.Thequalitiesofsomecommodities,suchasmachinery,instruments,equipment,andmedicine,cannotbeexpressedbyqualityindexes.Therefore,itisnecessarytoexplainindetailthestructure,performance,materialusedandmethodofoperation.Inthiscase,relevanttechnicalmanuals,bookletsofdirections,drawingsordiagramswillservethepurpose.Forexample:“Qualityaspertechnicalfeatureindicatedintheillustrationssubmittedbyseller.”SalebyOrigin.Theoriginsofsomeproductsarewellknowninsomecountries,theymaywellindicatethequalityofthegoods.2)ExpressingthequalitybyexaminingtheactualgoodsSalebyinspection.Inthiscase,thebuyerwillinspectthegoodsattheseller’spremises.Ifthebuyerissatisfiedwiththegoods,thetransactionwillbeconcluded,thesellerwillthendeliverthegoodsofthesamequalityasapprovedbythebuyer.Itcanbeusedthetradeofhandicraftarticleandjewelsetc.withsmallquantity.Salebysample.Samplesrefertothearticlesthatcanrepresentthequalityofthewholelotofthegoods.Typesofsamples.Therearetwotypesofsamples.Oneis“sampleforreference”.Suchsamplesareonlyareferenceforthebuyeranddonotserveasevidenceforevaluatingthequalityofthegoods.Theymustbeclearlymarked“forreferenceonly”.Theotheris“typesample/standardsample”.Thisreferstoonethatcanfullyrepresentthequalityofthegoods.Thesellermustdeliverthegoodsinconformitywiththesample.Iftherearediscrepancies,thebuyerhastherighttofileaclaimagainsttheseller,refusethegoodsorevencancelthecontract.Typesofsalebysample.Ifsaleistobemadebysample,boththeseller’ssampleandthebuyer’ssamplecanbeused.Whichsamplewillbeusedshouldbeagreeduponbybothparitiesandwrittendowninthecontractexplicitly.1)Qualityaspertheseller’ssample.Thesellerwillsupplyasamplethatcanrepresentthequalityofthegoodsandkeepasamplethathasthesamequalityandarticlenumberastheonesenttothebu