E-Business(1):Overview电子商务(1):概述Content内容•ThesizeandgrowthofE-Business电子商务的规模与发展•ElementsofE-Business电子商务要素•EvaluatingE-Businessmodels评估电子商务模式AndreasS.Weigend,PhD韋思岸教授SJTUDec20041-2WhatisE-Business(EB)?何谓电子商务(EB)?EBusestechnology(especiallytheInternetandtheWeb)电子商务利用技术(尤其是互联网和网络)•Tocommunicate进行传播-Tofind,aggregate,create,anddeliverinformation找到、集中、创造并传递信息•Totransact进行交易-Tobuy,sell,trade,andexchange购买、出售、交易和交换EBenablesnewways:电子商务促成新的途径:•Todelivervaluetocustomers向客户提供价值•Tocreatevaluefromcustomersandtheirdata从客户及其数据中创造出价值•Tocreate(andmonetize)transparency-AbbreviationEB:=E-Business/E-CommerceEB为电子商务的缩写-Note:EBisNOTdot-com,NOTNasdaqbubble,NOTjustonlineads,NOTfreeemail注:电子商务不等于网络公司,1-3KeyAspectsofEB电子商务的主要方面Newformsofvaluecreation新的价值创造形式•Newpricingmechanisms新的定价机制•Customizationandpersonalization,basedondata客户定制与个性化Scale:Opportunityandthreat规模:机遇与威胁•Speed•AbilitytoreachthewholeEarthimmediately迅速渗透全球的能力•Needtocreatebarrierstoentry(e.g.,lock-in)需要制造进入壁垒(如用户锁定)EBTechnology电子商务技术(communication,connectivity,…)(传播、连接等……)1-4ScaleInternetAge:Networkeconomiesofscale/Networkeffects-Eachnewmemberincreasesthevalueofthenetwork每个新成员增加了整个网络的价值•Demand-sideeconomiesofscaleVsIndustrialAge:Productioneconomiesofscale-Averagepriceofproductdropsasproductionisincreased•Supply-sideeconomiesofscaleImplications•QuantitativeQualitativechange•SearchforinformationRankinformation1-5WhatistheInternet?何谓互联网?Averylargecollectionofcomputers极为庞大的计算机集合•thatareconnectedtoeachother所有计算机相互连接•thatfollowacommonprotocol(“speakthesamelanguage”)并遵循一种共同协议(“说同一种语言”)•Informationmaypassthroughseveralothercomputers信息的传输可能经过其他多台计算机1-6Began1969asU.S.MilitaryProject作为美国军方的一个项目,始于1969年1-7InternetUsersWorldwide全球互联网用户Source:Various,11/2001.Compiledby:NUAInternetSurveys,USA加拿大和美国167million1.67亿Europe欧洲113million1.13亿Asia/Pacific亚太105million1.05亿LatinAmerica拉美16.5million1650万Africa非洲3.11million311万MiddleEast中东2.40million240万WorldTotal全球总计407million4.07亿(March2002:550million)(2002年3月:5.5亿)About10%ofentireworld’spopulation大约占全球总人口的10%1-8TheInternetandtheWeb网络与互联网TheWorldWideWeb(WWW,or“theWeb”)consistsofapplicationsthatrunontheInternet万维网(WWW或“网络”)由在互联网上运行的应用程序组成NumberofpagesontheWeb(9/2002)网络页面数(9/2002)•Googlesearches3billionpagesGoogle搜索的页面达30亿Q:Nrofemailssentperminute?AboutasmanypagesonWebaspeopleonEarth!几乎和地球上的人一样多!1-9WorldwideE-Business全球电子商务WorldwideE-Business(total),inUS$billion全球电子商务总交易额,以10亿美元计其他地区拉美西欧亚太北美图中地区与图例说明中的顺序一样Source:ForresterResearchWorldwideEB:US$3trillion(1/2003,est.)全球电子商务:3万亿美元(2003年1月估计)1-10Agenda教学纲要TheInternet互联网•Communicationplatform通讯平台•Numberofusers互联网用户数量-Worldwide:About10%ofentirepopulation遍布全球,大约占全球总人口的10%SizeofEB电子商务规模•AboutUS$3trillion(1/2003)大约3万亿美元(1/2003)-About7%ofentirebusiness(worldwide)ElementsofEB电子商务要素EvaluatingEBmodels评估电子商务模式1-11ElementsofEB电子商务要素SomeingredientsofEB电子商务组成要素1.Search搜索2.Pricing定价3.Logistics物流4.Payment支付5.ProductRepresentation产品展示6.AuthenticationandSecurity验证及安全性7.Legitimization合法化8.DisputeResolution解决争端SomeEBtechnologiesandtools电子商务技术及工具1-121.Search搜索Technologyassistedsearch技术辅助搜索•Searchengines搜索引擎•Comparisonsearch比较搜索Useadditionalinformationsources使用其他信息来源•Search-historyofuser用户的搜索历史•Currentlocationofuser用户目前的位置•ConnectivityofWebpages(linkstructure)网页的连接性(链接结构)Past:Informationscarce过去:信息稀缺Present:Informationabundant现在:信息丰富Needforsearch搜索需要Needforranking1-132.Pricing定价Varietyofpricingmechanisms定价机制种类Exchanges(similartofinancialmarkets)Auctions竞拍Dynamicpricing动态定价•Basedoninventory视存货情况而定•Basedoncompetition视竞争情况而定•Basedonestimateofcustomer’s“willingness-to-pay”视对客户“支付意愿”的估计而定Buyer-setprice买方定价1-143.Logistics物流Informationproducts(alsocalleddigitalgoods):信息产品:Logisticsiseasyifproductsindigitalform如果产品以数字形式存在,则物流简便•InformationproductsideallysuitedforEB信息产品最适合电子商务Storageanddeliveryeasy易于存储和递送•Physicalstoragespaceclosetozero实际存储空间几乎为零Physicalproducts:实物产品:Bettercoordinationwithsupplierstoreduceinventory加强与供应商之间的协调以削减库存Outsourceinventory外包库存(Amazon.com)•Shiftinventoryrisktosupplier将库存风险转移给供应商Note:Physicalgoodsalwaysneedphysicaldeliveryservices注:实物产品总是要依赖实际的递送服务1-154.Payment支付Currently,mainpaymentmethodinU.S.:Creditanddebitcards目前美国主要的支付方法:贷记卡和借记卡Directpaymentbetweenparties(eBay/PayPal)双方直接支付Electronicpayments(e-Cash)电子支付Futurepossibility:Micro-payments未来的可能性:微型支付•E.g.,NetBill(purchaseasingleparagraph)例如,NetBill(购买一个段落)1-165.ProductRepresentation产品展示•Howareproductattributescommunicated?如何宣传产品属性?TheWebisaratherlimitedmedium网络是一种相当有局限性的媒介•Goodforinformation适用于信息传递•Limitedformultimedia(bandwidth)不利于多媒体的发展(带宽)•Impossiblefortouch,smell不可触摸、嗅闻Problemswithlimitedrepresentationofproduct产品展示受限的影响•Mistrust不信任•Misinformation信息误传1-176.Authentication验证Validityoftransactingpartiesandofexchangedgoods交易方和交易商品的有效性•Authenticity真实性•Reliability可靠性•Quality质量Technologicalsolutions技术解决方案•Public-keycryptography公钥密码•Reputation,rating,reviews声誉、评级、审查-Experts通过专家(Gomez、消费者报告、StiftungWarentest)-Community通过社区(epinions,eBay,Bizrate.com,Openratings.com)1-187.Legitimization合法化Whenisanagreement/sale/transactionconsideredval