介词的用法一、表示时间日期的介词1.at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点atthecornerofthestreet,atdinner,atsixtymilesanhour,besoldatthreeyuanadozen,comeatus固定搭配:atonetime,atthebeginningof,atthepostoffice,attheairport,attheweekend,attheageof25,atthesametime,atpresent,atanytime,表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。atthenewsat主要表示时间点表示特定的时间atnighta.m.在九点钟表示不确定的时间atnight,atthattime,atChristmas在圣诞期间当天on表示年龄段attheageofeight在8岁2.in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等inthe1990sinthelate19thcentury形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配inthosedays,inthedaytime,inashortwhile,innotime,intime.in主要表示时间段一般指相对较长的时间段里inthemorning,inspring,inthepasttenyears在…时间之后,用于将来时Hewillbebackinamonth.介词in在短语或句型中的省略:1)某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。bebusy(in)doingbeengaged(in)doing(忙于……)2)某些动词如busy等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。busyoneself(in)doing3)某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。spendtime(in)doingwastetime(in)doing4)在havenodifficultyindoingsth.、havenotroubleindoingsth.、havenobusinessindoingsth.等句型中介词也可以省略。5)在句型Thereisnouse(in)doingsth.中,介词也可省略。固定搭配:intheworld,in(the)future,inthesnow/rain/storm,inink,inshort,inpublic,inone’sopinion,inmoderntimes,insurprise,inaqueue,intheopenair3.on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。固定搭配:ondoingsth.,ontheafternoonofOctober,onTuesdayevening,onfoot,hitsb.onthehead,ontheright/left,onfire,onduty,onsale,ontheradio,onshow,onearth,onone’sown注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。一般的节日名词前用on。on主要指具体某一天表示是具体的日期和星期onMonday,onOctober1st,1949.onmybirthday某一天特定的上午下午或半夜onthenightofDecember31,1999.onafineday在第几天onherfirstdaytoschool,onthetenthdayIwasinBeijing.4.by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。固定搭配:bythevillage,byoneself,byfoot(=onfoot),byhand,learn…byheart,二、表示地点,方位的介词5.for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。固定搭配:makesth.forsb.,thanksb.forsth.,forexample,forsale,forfree,for表示一段时间表示一件事延续的长短,一般接具体的时间IhavelivedinNanjingfor2years.6.of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。of所有格表示的多种关系:1)从属关系:thewheelofthecar2)局部----整体关系:someofthewater3)量化关系:acupoftea4)描述关系:aprofessoroflearning(知识丰富的教授)5)同位关系:thecityofBeijing6)动宾关系:thestudyofthemap(研究地图)7)主谓关系:thedeterminationoftheworkers(工人们的决心)固定搭配:befondof,makefunof,betiredof,ofone’sown,insteadof,7.to主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。固定搭配toone’ssurprise/joy/astonishment,totheeastof,keyto…,comeupto,addupto,beopentothepublic,thanksto,stickto,referto8.during表示一段时间在…期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事yIstudiedinthisuniversityfor4years,duringthattimemostofmytimewasspentinlearningEnglish.可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词duringmyvisittoChina,duringmyholiday9.from与to,till连用Mostpeopleworkfromninetofive.多数人过着朝九晚五的生活10.since,since+时间点从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用HehasbeenheresincelastSunday.自从上星期天起,她就在这里四、容易错、常考的介词及搭配1.bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeinto,bemadein2.callon=visit,callfor=goandpickup3.onbusiness(出差)/strike()罢工/duty(值日)/holiday/fire/vacation/watch(警戒)/sale(出售)/leave(请假)/guard(警戒)4.havesometrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.,haveahabit/idea/planofdoingsth.5.AispleasedtoB,BispleasedwithA(对……感到满意)7.withthehelpof,undertheleadershipof8.bymeansof(使用),bywayof(经由),byheart(记住),bytheway9.outofquestion(毫无疑问),outofthequestion(毫不可能)10.prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.11.bethankfultosb.forsth.12.stealsth.fromsb.,robsb.ofsth.13.insistondoingsth.,persistindoingsth.,stickto,goondoingsth.14.setaboutdoingsth.,setouttodosth.15.looksb.intheface,hitsb.ontheface,leadthecowbythenose16.doafavourforsb.=dosb.afavour五、介词的惯用型1.aboveall(首先),afterall,atall(全然),inall2.dayafterday,yearafteryear,oneafterone,oneafteranother3.atpeace(和平),atwar(战争),attimes(时常),atdinner4.byoneself,byallmeans(尽一切办法、务必),bychance,byaccident,bynomeans(决不、并没有),bymeansof(用、依靠),bytheway5.inherteens(十几岁),inpain,indanger,inneed6.toone’sjoy/sorrow/surprise7.withcare(仔细地),withjoy/pleasure(高兴地),withone’shelp,withthebestwishes(致以我们良好的祝愿),withoutdifficulty(毫不困难地),withoutexception(毫不例外),withoutdelay(立即、马上)8.accordingto(依据),alongwith(和……一起),asto(至于……),becauseof,exceptfor(除……之外),insteadof(代替)9.outoforder(不正常),outofdate,outoftrouble(脱离困境),outofsight,outofdebt(还清了债务),outoftouch(没有联系)10.atthebottomof,atthecentreof,attheendof,atthetopof,atthecostof(以……为代价)atthesightof,atthethoughtof,ataspeedof11.inmemoryof(纪念),infavourof(同意),inthehabitof(有……习惯),intouchwith(与……保持联系),ontheleftof,ontheeveof(在……前夕)2.fromtimetotime(不时地),fromdaytoday(天天),fromhandtohand(一个传一个),fromsidetoside(左右地),fromcartocar(一个车厢一个车厢地),frombadtoworse(越来越差),frombeginningtoend(从头到尾),fromhandtomouth(仅能糊口),fromheadtofoot,fromstarttofinish,fromonetoanother六.掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法1)in+文字、语言、材料名词inEnglish(ink,pencil,capitalletters)writeinpen,用钢笔写speakinalowvoice小声说话2)with+工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词withabranch,withone’snose,withpride,withsatisfaction,withthehelpof,withone’spermissionWecanseewithoureyesandwritewithourhands.Ikilledaflywithaflyflap.我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇3)by表示泛指的方式、手段bybus,byland,bymeansof(用……方法),bywayof(经由),bydoingsth.,byhand(手工),bypost(由邮局传递),byletter(用写信的方式),byelectricity,byhardwork,bytheyear,bythehour(by+the+单位名词)按……4)其它表示方式(情况、状况、手段)的表示法throughtheradio/byradio/ontheradio,through/by/frompractice,bytelephone(onthetelephone),onfoot,onthetrain,insatisfaction,insurprise,insilence,inalowvoice,incomfort,insorrow,inhigh/good/poorspirits,inanger,insafety,indebt,ingoodorder,ingood/poorhealth,intears