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用合并句子法讲解定语从句定语从句是高中英语教学中重要的语法部分，同时也是为下一步学好其他从句（名词性从句）打好基础。但在实际英语教学中，学生因为对英语句子成分没有清晰的概念，所以导致对定语从句知其然而不知其所以然。在教授定语从句时，应先从句子成分入手，使学生先了解什么是定语，然后在利用合并句子的方式解析定语从句是如何构成的，并引出引导词的使用方法。一、什么是定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。eg:Iboughtan(expensive)computer.（形容词）Imetsomeone(funny)onmywaytoschool.（形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置）sheisan(English)teacher.（名词）Ihavealotofwork(todo).（不定式）Thebook(writtenbyTom)isverypopularnow.（过去分词短语）Wecanseethe(rising)sun.（现在分词）=thesunisrising.Heisinthe(reading)room.(动名词)=theroomforreadingTheboy(whobrokethewindow)isTom’sbrother.（从句）二、定语从句两个术语：先行词，关系词先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词关系词（关系代词或关系副词）：连接先行词与定语从句的词。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等；关系副词有：when,where,why等；1、关系词在定语从句中充当主语先行词为人时（1）两个单句为TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.（2）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。Theboys（theboysareplayingfootball）arefromClassOne.(3)括号中句子里的主语theboys,和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重复的theboys.Theboys在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who,thatTheboys（who\thatareplayingfootball）arefromClassOne.(4)who\that==theboys,在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。先行词为物时（1）Ifoundtheletter.Thelettercameyesterday.（2）IfoundTheletter(thelettercameyesterday).（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的theletter,关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which,thatIfoundTheletter(which\thatcameyesterday).（4）which\that==theletter,在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。2.关系词在定语从句中充当宾语先行词为人时（1）Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow（2）Theman(youmetthemanjustnow)ismyfriend.（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的theman,关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom,thatTheman(whom\thatyoumetjustnow)ismyfriend.（4）whom\that==theman,在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。做宾语的关系词whom\that可以省略Theman(youmetjustnow)ismyfriend.先行词为物时（1）Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday.（2）Thisisthepen(heboughtthepenyesterday).（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的thepen,关系词中能作宾语并代表物的是which,thatThisisthepen(which\thatheboughtyesterday).（4）which\that==thepen,在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。做宾语的关系词which\that可以省略Thisisthepen(heboughtyesterday).3.关系词在定语从句中充当定语(1)Ihelpedtheman.Theman’scarwasbroken.(2)Ihelpedtheman(theman’scarwasbroken).(3)theman’s是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰car,用关系词替换从句中重复的theman,关系词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whoseIhelpedtheman(whosecarwasbroken).(4)whose=theman’s,在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。Whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：Ioncelivedinahouse.Theroofofthehousehasfallenin.Ioncelivedinahouse(theroofofthehousehasfallenin).Ioncelivedinahouse(whoseroofhasfallenin).此句还可以改为：Ioncelivedinahouse(theroofofwhichhasfallenin).4.关系词在定语从句中充当状语时时间状语(1)Istillremembertheday.Ifirstcametotheschoolontheday.(2)Istillremembertheday(Ifirstcametotheschoolontheday).(3)重复的词是theday,ontheday在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语的词是when.Istillremembertheday(whenIfirstcametotheschool).(4)when=ontheday,在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。地点状语(1)Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Ilivedinthehousetenyearsago.(2)Thehouse(Ilivedinthehousetenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.(3)重复的词是thehouse,inthehouse在从句中做地点状语的成分，关系词中能作地点状语的词是where.Thehouse(whereIlivedtenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.(4)where=inthehouse,在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。原因状语(1)Thereasonisnotclear.Herefusedtheinvitationforthereason.(2)Thereason(herefusedtheinvitationforthereason)isnotclear.(3)重复的词是thereason,forthereason在从句中做原因状语的成分，关系词中能作原因状语的词是why.Thereason(whyherefusedtheinvitation)isnotclear.(4)why=forthereason,在定语从句中做原因状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。另外关系副词when,where,why可以改为,介词+which,介词取决于与先行词的搭配。例如：Istillremembertheday(whenIfirstcametotheschool).==Istillremembertheday(onwhichIfirstcametotheschool).Thehouse(whereIlivedtenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.==Thehouse(inwhichIlivedtenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.Thereason(whyherefusedtheinvitation)isnotclear.==Thereason(forwhichherefusedtheinvitation)isnotclear.根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分，可总结如下：从句缺主语who,that,先行词是人从句缺宾语whom,that,who,省略从句缺定语whose从句缺主语which,that先行词是物从句缺宾语which,that,省略从句缺定语whose指时间when指地点where指原因why.Shewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill2.Yousentmysisterapresent.Thankyouverymuchforit.3.Theclotheshavebeencleaned.I'mwearingthem.4.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.关系副词关系代词5.Sheisaperson.Everyonelikestomakefriendswithher.2.Hewillalwaysremembertheyears.Hespenttheyearsinthelittlevillageasachild.3.Theclotheshavebeencleaned.I'mwearingthem.4.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.5.Everyonelikestomakefriendswithher.Sheisaperson.6.Canyoutellmethereason?Yousoldyournewcarforthereason.7.That’sthehotel.Westayedtherelastyear.8.Thebuswassurroundedbyanangrycrow.Mostofthebuswasalreadyfull.9.I’llneverforgettheday.WeworkedtogetherinLondonthen.10.Yousentmysisterapresent.Thankyouverymuchforit.