被动语态的用法

被动语态的用法学习被动语态的几个问题被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者，汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。1.被动语态的各种时态被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。一般时进行时完成时现在isamdoneareisambeingdonearehashavebeendone过去wasweredonewaswerebeingdonehadbeendone将来shallbedonewill无shallhavebeendonewill1）一般现在时TheboyiscalledJohnson.2）一般过去时Wherewereyoueducated?3）一般将来时Theresultwillnotbeannounceduntil6o’clock.4）现在进行时Theroadisbeingrepaired.5）过去进行时Hewasbeinglookedafterbyhissister.6）现在完成时Shehasn’tbeentoldaboutityet.7）过去完成时Shetoldmethatthefactoryhadbeencloseddown.8）将来完成时Thisprojectwillhavebeencompletedbytheendofthisyear.2.主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.（1）时态保持一致。Theteacherpunishedhimmanytimesforhislateness.Hehasbeenpunishedmanytimesforhislateness.（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.被动语态Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.（3）主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/mend/get用for;动词give/show/pass/send/lend/bring/take用to)Viviangavemeabook.(被动1)IwasgivenabookbyVivian.(被动2)AbookwasgiventomebyVivian.（4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋Vt＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。TheycallhimLouis.被动语态:HeiscalledLouis.（5）主动语态句中动词make,have,let(使sb做sth),notice.see.watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.被动语态:Hewasmadetowashthedishes.（6）主动形式表被动.Thepoemreadswell.（7）有些动词不能用于被动语态takeplace/happen/cometrue/breakdown/breakout等。Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.3.不同时态的被动句(1)一般现在时的被动语态Iamnotsoeasilydeceived.我不会轻易上当受骗的。Computersarewidelyusedintheworld.计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。(2)一般过去时的被动语态Thecarwasseriouslydamaged.汽车受到严重损坏。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。(3)现在进行时的被动语态Thequestionisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.这个问题现在正在会上讨论。Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。(4)过去进行时的被动语态WhenIcalled,teawasbeingserved.当我来访时，正值上茶之际。Whentheyarrived，theexperimentswerebeingmade.他们到达时，实验正在进行。(5)现在完成时的被动语态Themeetinghasbeenputoff.会议已被推迟了。Thepartyhasbeenplannedsincethenewyear.这次聚会自新年起就已筹划了。(6)过去完成时的被动语态Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenrobbedatleastthreetimes.到上月底，他已被抢了至少三次。(7)将来完成时的被动语态ItissaidthatthebuildingwillhavebeencompletedbeforeSeptember.据说大楼将于九月前竣工。ThisclasswillhavebeentaughtbyMrBrownfortwoyearsbynextsummer.到明年夏天，布朗先生在这两个班执教已有两年了。2.含有情态动词的被动语态Watermustn'tbewasted.绝不能浪费水。Electricenergycanbechangedintolightenery.电能可以转变成光能。Crosstheroadverycarefully.Lookbothways,oryoumightbeknockeddown.过马路时要特别小心，要往两边看，不然会被撞倒。3.Get+过去分词构成的被动语态Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如：themangothurtonhiswayhome.那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。Maryisgoingtogetmarried.玛丽准备结婚了。Howdidtheglassgetbroken?杯子怎么破了？4.短语动词的被动语态(1)动词+介词Thismatterhasbeentalkedaboutrecently.这件事近来一直被谈论着。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事从未被听说过。Theoldmanwaslookedaftercarefully.那位老人被精心照顾着。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.人家从不听他的话。(2)动词+副词Thesportsmeetingwasputoff.运动会被推迟了。Ashortplaywillbeputonbythemattheparty.一个短剧将要由他们在晚会上演出。Whathesaidmustbethoughtover.他说的话必须仔细思考。(3)其他短语动词Privilegesmustbedoneawaywith.特权必须被取消。Thelighthasjustbeenturnedoff.灯刚被关上。Theirplansarebeingcarriedout.他们的计划正在执行中。5.“主+动+宾+宾补”句型变为被动结构这种句型有两个宾语，一般地说一为间接宾语，一为直接宾语。变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语，另一宾语不变。WecallhimXiaoWang.我们叫他小王。（主动句）HewascalledXiaoWang.他被叫做小王。（被动句）Hepaintedthetablegreen.他把桌子漆成了绿色。（主动句）Thetablewaspaintedgreen.桌子被漆成了绿色。（被动句）6.“主+动+that从句”句型的被动句有些以that从句作宾语的主动句可以转换成两种形式的被动句。如：Peoplesaythatheistherichestmaninthecity.人们说他是全市头号富翁。→Itissaidthatheistherichestmaninthecity.据说他是全市头号富翁。→Heissaidtobetherichestmaninthecity.据说他是全市头号富翁。当说话人认为主动句的主语无关紧要，或者不清楚谁是谓语动作的发出者时，便常常使用上述形式的被动句。如：Itwasreportedthattheboyhadbeenfound.据报道，男孩已被找到。Theboywasreportedtohavebeenfound.据报道，男孩已被找到。常用于上述被动句型的动词有：acknowledge,assume,believe,claim,consider,declare,estimate,expect,find,know,presume,report,say,think等。7.含有被动意义的主动语态英语中有一些表示被动意义的主动句，其谓语所表示的不是主语的动作，而是其内在的性能。这种句子的特点是：主语为无生命名词，谓语动词为一般现在时；肯定句必须带方式状语；否定句的谓语可以带情态动词。如：Sheistoblame.她应该受到责备。Thehouseistorent.这个房子要出租。Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.食物放在冰箱里能保鲜。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔很好写。Theclothfeelssoft.这布摸上去很柔软。Thecaketastesgood.这蛋糕很好吃。练习题：1.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom________(blow)theearthaway.2.MrSmithkepton_____(ask)theplayerstoremember-----TEAMWORK3.Alicedidn'thearwhattheteachersaidjustnow,soshedoesn'tknowhow____(do)theproblem.4.Thepolicemanaskedtheoldgrannytoputdownherheavyboxandlethim______(carry)itforher.5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的适当形式填空:(1).WangHaiisagoodcomrade.Healwaysdoeshisbest________others.(2).Digtheholebigenough,orthetreescan’t___________well.(3).It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop_______totheteacher.(4).Herfaceturnedredwhenshe_______tosingasongforallofus.(5).SheisolderthanMarybut________muchyounger.(6).--Ican'tfindmykeys.--Maybeyou___________theminthepocket.句型转换练习题将下列主动句转换成被动句。1.Thegovernmentofficialtoldhimnottowastetimeonfightingforrights.__________________________________________________________________2.IgavemycousinatoyatChristmas.__________________________________________________________________3.Theyshoulddoitrightnow.__________________________________________________________________4.Heislikelytoletyoudown.__