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啟發創造性思考及問題解決能力林力宏創意思考與問題解決能力Agenda•阻礙創造力因素•創意的心理建設•創意工具•頭好壯壯-創意健身操四類創意阻礙因素阻礙創意因素(一)•感官知覺障礙PerceptualBlock1.成見StereoType2.無法將問題獨立出來InabilitytoIsolatetheproblem3.畫地自限DelimitSolution4.無法以不同觀點來看待問題UnabletoLooktheProblematdifferentaspects5.過度沉浸於問題中Saturation6.無法接受所有感官知覺輸入的訊息Inabilitytogetallsensoryinput阻礙創意因素(二)•情感因素的阻礙EmotionalBlock1.畏懼冒險FearofTakingRisk2.於混亂中感到不安UncomfortableinChaos3.判斷而非提出新意見JudgingRatherthanGeneratingIdea4.無法沉潛問題InabilitytoIncubate5.缺乏想像力LackofImagination阻礙創意因素(三)•文化以及環境障礙Cultural&EnvironmentalBlock-11.禁忌Taboos2.夢想和直覺反應是浪費時間,懶惰,甚至瘋狂的FantasyandReflectionarewasteoftime,lazy,evencrazy3.好玩是針對小孩子的Playfulnessisforchildren4.解決問題是一件嚴肅的事,幽默派不上用場Problemsolvingisaseriousbusiness,andhumorisoutofplace5.窮究原因,邏輯,數字是對的;感覺,直覺,歡樂(好玩)是不對的Reason,Logic,Numbersaregood;Feeling,intuition,pleasurearebad.阻礙創意因素(三)•文化以及環境障礙Cultural&EnvironmentalBlock-26.任何問題均可以用科學方法或金錢來解決Anyproblemcanbesolvedbyscientificthinkingandlotsofmoney.7.同事間缺乏合作以及互信Lackofcooperationandtrustamongcolleagues8.獨斷的老闆僅認可一己的意見,從不鼓勵他人的意見Autocraticbosswhovaluesonlyhisownideas;doesnotrewardothers.9.分心Distractions-Phone,easyintrusion.10.缺乏將點子轉化為行動的支援Lackofsupporttobringideasintoaction.阻礙創意因素(四)•知識以及表達能力的障礙IntellectualandExpressiveBlocks1.不夠彈性且使用不適當的技巧去解決問題InflexibleorinadequateuseofintellectualskillsTosolvetheproblem2.使用不正確的語言解決問題Usingtheincorrectlanguagetosolvetheproblem.MentalConstruction-心理建設MentalConstructions-心理建設•對未知抱持正面態度BePositivetoUnknown•對已知系統抱持質疑態度Questioningattitudetoexistingsystems•自我肯定SelfAffirmationToolstoenhanceCreativity-創意啟發工具MorphologicalForcedConnections-強制變形連結1.將問題情境的所有屬性列出Listattributeofthesituation2.在各類屬性下列出你可想出的所有取代方案Beloweachattribute,placeasmanyalternatesasyoucan3.完成後,以隨機方式連接各屬性的取代方案,最後從中挑選可行的方案Whencompleted,makemanyrandomrunsthroughthealternates,thenpickingupasolution範例:發明新交通工具•列出交通工具屬性ListAttribute–能源/燃料Energy/Fuel–動力來源DynamicPowerSources–動力傳輸媒介MediatoTransportthepower•列出每一種屬性的取代性方案ListOptionsforeachAttribute–Gasoline,Gas,Electricity,FuelCellbattery,Hydrogen,charcoal,Coal,SolarPower,Windpower,nuclearpower–4strokeGasEngine,DieselEngine,JetEngine,ElectricalMotor,SteamEngine,NuclearEngine–Tires,wings,Track,aircushion,meglev,sails,•隨機連結各屬性性下的可取代方案RandomlyConnectoptionsthrougheachalternates•從中擇一Pickonesolution.BrainStorming-腦力激盪•禁止批評-延後判斷Noevaluation-Suspendjudgment•鼓勵愈狂野的點子愈好Encouragedthewildestideas-way-outandoddideas•鼓勵以他人的點子為基礎來建立自己的點子Encouragepeopletobuildontheideasofothers•鼓勵愈多的點子愈好Encouragedthemassofquantityofideas-EveryideaisacceptedandRecorded•同時滿足歸屬感以及自我的需求FullfilltheneedsofAffiliation&EGO故事板StoryBoard•描述需要解決或改善的問題Statetheproblemortasksneedtobeimproved•全體參與者以便利貼寫下解決的方法,每一張列一項Havealltheattendeestowritedownhis/herideatoresolvetheproblem,eachpaperonlyhaveoneideawritten•收集所有寫上意見的便條紙Collectallofthepaperwithidea•引導者將這些意見一性質分類後貼在板上Thefacilitatorthencategorizedthoseideasaccordingtotheircharacteristics•討論每一類群組下的各個意見,可依討論結果挪動便條紙或在既有意見上增加改進方案Discusseachideaunderspecificcategory,andmoveeachpaperintodifferentcategoryoraddonadditionalimprovedidea.CheckLists-檢查表•以其他方式使用(修改聲音,顏色,氣味,外型..)PutToOtherUses?Modify(Shape,Color,Sound,Odor)?•使適用,模擬,與其他情境相似?Adapt,Emulate:Similarinothersituation?•放大:加上什麼?拉長時間?較高頻率?強化?高一點?長一點?厚一點?Magnify:Whattoadd?Moretime?Greaterfrequency?Stronger?Higher?Longer?Thicker?•縮小:減去?縮短時間?較低頻率?較弱?較低?較薄?Minify:Whattobesubtracted?Lesstime?Fewerfrequency?Weaker?Lower?Thinner?•替換Substitute•重新排列Rearrange•反相?更換方向?旋轉?Reverse?Changedirection?Rotation•結合,組合Combine•集中;分散Centralized;Distributed,BugsList惱人表單•列出你生活中所遇到的惱人問題以做為新發明的源頭ListallofthetroublesyouencounteredindailylifeasastartforNewInvention–•需要為發明之母NecessityisthemotherofInvention–ToomanyKeys–TooManyCards–TooManyACAdapters–NoiseintheAirplane–NoiseinTheKitchen–HotKitchen–FrySausage–OpenWindow/CloseWindow(AirflowbutwithoutNoise)–Wetshoeswhenridingthemoped–Betterwaytowakeupinwintermorning其它Others•5W–Who,When,Where,What,How•Mindmap•ExcursiontoForceconnection日常練習日常練習DailyExercises•改變例行性的行為ChangeRoutineBehaviors•音樂Music–Jazz,Classical•運動Exercises•旅行Travel•與素人接近GetinTouchwithNovices•大量閱讀Reading•接近大自然Getclosetothenature•戀愛FallinLove•靜坐Meditation•封鎖時間TimeBlock•寫日記KeepDiary•Worksmartratherthanworkhard.