if引导的虚拟条件句

虚拟语气--------if引导的虚拟条件句虚拟语气(if条件句)含义：其假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的；主从句皆须用虚拟Iftheworkingconditionsarenottoobad,Iwillacceptthejob.（真实条件句：对现有事实的一种陈述，使用的是陈述语气）---表达一种看法（工作条件状况未知）Iftheworkingconditionswerenottoobad,Iwouldacceptthejob.（非真实条件句---虚拟语气）表达一种假设（与事实相反---工作条件已经很糟糕了）If引导的虚拟条件句的三种类型带if的虚拟条件句省略if的虚拟条件句隐藏if的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形Ⅰ、带if的虚拟条件句eg:IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.Ifyoucouldbeartheloneliness,youmightsucceed.与将来事实相反(推测将来)：if条件句中用过去时，或should/wereto+动词原形，主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形。eg.Ifshewereherethisevening,wewouldgoshopping.（从句：一般过去时）IfMaryweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.（从句：were+动词不定式）Ifsheshouldknowit,shewouldtellme.(ButIdoubt)（从句：should+动词原形）Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,thepartywouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.Thefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagetothepeople,ifwehadn’tbuiltsomanydams.与过去事实相反：if条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词。条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If+主语+过去式主语+would/should/could/mightdo与将来事实相反If+主语+过去式主语+would/should/could/mightdoweretodo/should/coulddo)与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would/should/could/mighthavedoneIf引导虚拟条件句中的谓语动词变化与将来事实相反时从句中的三种谓语v变形：一般过去时were+todoShould/coulddo注：这三种均可用，不同的是在表示推测将来的时候，可能性的程度不同。Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ishould/wouldstayattomorrow.（常用形式）Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,…....（可能性较小）Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,……（可能性较大）Ⅱ.虚拟条件句中if的省略或隐藏1.省略if的虚拟条件句隐藏if的虚拟条件句-无“条件”的虚拟语气句子1.省略if的虚拟条件句(主要用于书面语)在虚拟条件句中，有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were,should,,had等提到句首。1.省略if的虚拟条件句如果她在这里，她也同意的。Ifshewerehere,shewouldagreetoo.→Wereshehere,shewouldagreetoo.假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthematch.→Shoulditraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthematch.1.省略if的虚拟条件句要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。Ifwehadfoundhimearlierwecouldhavesavedhislife.→Hadwefoundhimearlierwecouldhavesavedhislife1.省略if的虚拟条件句的否定式注意，如果条件从句的谓语为否定式，其中的否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。我如不是警告了你，你就可能丧命了。正：IfIhadn’twarnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled.正：HadInotwarnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled.误：Hadn’tIwarnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled.1.省略if的虚拟条件句有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词，而是实义动词。如：HadItime,Iwouldgowithyou.假如我有时间，我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式为：IfIhadtime,Iwouldgowithyou.Exercises：Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhethen____.[A]wouldhavebeenhere[B]shouldbehere[C]hadtobehere[D]wouldbethere答案为[A]。or在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示ifhehadnothadanaccident,所以其后的主句用wouldhavedone而不用其它的。Exercises：1.Givenmoretimeandmoney,he__betterthanwhatitis.A.didB.havedoneC.couldhavedoneD.woulddo2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor(律师)，he___abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005)wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.wereExercises：3.__you__furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealer(经销商)foradvice.A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had