定语从句一

讲与练定语从句知识准备定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。1.Theredpenisbroken.2.Thepenonthedeskisbroken.3.ThepenthatIboughtyesterdayisbroken.定语从句zxxkw概念:修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attributiveclause)句子作定语,修饰名词musicSheistheonlyonewho’sstudyingFrench.句子作定语,修饰代词oneIlikemusicthatIcandanceto.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhere,when,why1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句构成：先行词+关系词+从句关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分，而且先行词一定会在从句中做成分，可能是主语，宾语或状语。从句可以还原成为一个完整的句子。关系词的作用：1.引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。Maryisagirl.Agirlhaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.zxxkw2.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.1.Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.3.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.4.Maryisagirl.Agirlhaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.学科网TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Themanwhomtheywantedtovisitisascientist.1.who指人,在从句中做主语(不能省)2.whom指人,在从句中充当宾语(常可省)RULES:定语从句关系代词的用法:1)当先行词是物时,用which/that引导.Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.2)当先行词是人时,用who/that引导.Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.that既可以指人又可以指物who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。1)Iprefershoesthatarecool.2)Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.3)Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.4)Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.(1)Thisistheteacher_________willgotothesouthwithustomorrow.(2)Isthatthestudent______________theteacheristalkingwith?(3)Ilikethepresent_________you’vesenttome.(4)Thenurse_______________wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.(5)Thisisthejob___________we’veneverdonebefore.who/thatwho/that/whomthat/whichwho/that/whomthat/which(6)Thisistheman________________Imetyesterday.(7)Thisradioset___________wehavehadfortwoyearsisagoodone.(8)Thisisthebag___________mymotherboughtyesterday.(9)Theman_________livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.(10)Thegirl______________yousawinthestreetisMary.who/that/whomthat/whichthat/whichwho/thatwho/that/whomwho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语注：当one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those,he,they,that,you等作先行词时（指人）一般用who，不用that.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.想去看电影的人必须在校门口等。which和that的区别：1.介词后只能用whichTheschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thebookisveryinteresting,whichmybrotherboughtme.2.非限制性定语从句只用which1)先行词既有人又有物时;2.只用that不用which2)先行词前面有最高级或序数词修饰时;①Heisthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.②Heisthehardestman(that)Ihaveevermet.Thefilmstar(人)andherfilm(物)thatyouhavejusttalkedaboutiswell-known.3)当先行词前面有theonly,thesame,thelast,thevery时;Theonlything(that)Iwanttodoistohavearest.5.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时;4.在who,which引导的特殊疑问句中,定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that;1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?1)Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tknow?2)IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.