80现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，现在分词有时态和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式（以do为例）主动形式被动形式一般时(not)doing(not)bedoing完成时(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone现在分词做状语，通常都表示主语在进行的另一个动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing形式的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相当于相应的状语从句。做时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，做方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。如果分词表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词一般时，如果分词动作明显在位于动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成时。一·做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句Thedogcamein.Itfollowitsmaster.=Thedogcamein,followingitsmaster.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtakingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.二·原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。Seeingnobadyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Noknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecould'taffordtosendtheboytothehospital.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.三·时间状语相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.四·条件状语相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Knowinganythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.--Icouldgoandgetsomeonetobringthecar.--No,thanks.I`llbebetterifwalking.五·结果状语现在分词表示必然的结果，前可加thus。（不定式表示出乎意料的结果）Hishusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowing,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.六·让步状语相当于although,though,evenif,eventhough引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首Beingalotofbooksforexam,hefaildedinitbecauseoflearningmethod.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.七·方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词Beingwalkingslowly,Iapproachedthelittlewindow.=Walkingslowing,Iapproachedthelittlewindow.Hestoodlearningagainstthewall.=Hestoodandlearnagainstthewall.八·现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用havingdone，若是动宾（被动）关系，则用havingbeendone.Havingworkedinthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogetvegetables.Havingbeentranslateintoseverallanguages,thebookbecamefamousallovertheworrld.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.九·现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generallyspeaking(一般来说);franklyspeaking(坦白的说);exactlyspeaking(严密/确切的说);judgingfrom/by…(根据～判断);considering…(考虑到)Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinleteraturethanboys.Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.十·现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主句的动作，它们之间的关系是主动的Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动的额Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.十一·分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致Hearingthenews,Tomfeltveryhappy.(√)Beingsunny,wedecidedtogotoforapicnic.(×)如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则在分词5结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主个Classbeingover,thechildenwenthome.Nobodybeingintheroom,Ididn`tgoin.Alltheguestshavingarrived,themeetingwasdeclearedopen.Hewentintothefrontdoor,hissonfollowinghim.动词不定式作状语1）目的状语To…onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3)表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.