(3)2016.9.14 News Structure(英语新闻结构 )

1第一部分文体概述2II.NewsStructure(英语新闻结构)新闻结构(newsstructure)是指新闻的组织结构，它体新闻中新闻事实的安排次序和内部联系。英语新闻结构有多种形式，常见的有：InvertedPyramidStructure（倒金字塔结构）ChronologicalStructure（编年史结构）3II.NewsStructure(英语新闻结构)FocusStructure（聚焦结构）（或称WallStreetJournalStructure《华尔街日报》结构）Extended-DialogueStructure（对话结构）HourglassStructure（沙漏式结构）First-PersonStructure(第一人称结构)等4II.NewsStructure(英语新闻结构)但是，英语报刊上的绝大多数新闻，尤其是硬新闻(HardNews)都是用倒金字塔结构写的。因此，我们只介绍倒金字塔结构。一般来说，用倒金字塔结构写成的新闻包括三个部分：55headlineleadbody6II.NewsStructure(英语新闻结构)倒金字塔结构写成的新闻包括三个部分:标题(Headline)、导语(Lead)、正文(Body)。7II-1.InvertedPyramid(倒金字塔结构)Themostpopularstructurefornewsstoriesistheinvertedpyramid.Intheinvertedpyramid,theinformationisarrangedindescendingorderofimportance.Themostimportantmaterialisplacedatthebeginningofthestory,andlessimportantmaterialfollows.8II-1.InvertedPyramid(倒金字塔结构)Theinvertedpyramidformatturnstraditionalstorytellingonitshead.Inashortstoryornovel,themostimportantmoment–theclimax–typicallycomesneartheveryend.Butinnewswritingthemostimportantmomentisrightatthestart.Succeedingparagraphsexplainandsupportthelead.9AnexampleofaninvertedpyramidnewsstoryA16-year-oldWestHighSchoolsophomoreisincriticalconditiontodayatRiverCityHospitalafterbeingtreatedforsmokeinhalation(吸入)athishomelastnight.JoeSmith,sonofBobandCarolSmithof116TravisLane,wasovercomebysmokeinthefamilygarageabout8p.m.afterpouringcarbonsolvent(溶剂)intothecarburetor(汽化器)intakeofhiscar,accordingtoahospitalspokesman.Hewasdiscoveredbyhisparents,whocalledanambulance.10InvertedPyramidTheInvertedPyramidofnewssuggeststhatnewsbetoldinorderofmostinterestingorimportanttoleastinterestingorimportantII-1.InvertedPyramid(倒金字塔结构)MostinterestingormostimportantLeastinterestingorleastimportant11AnotherexampleofinvertedpyramidstyleBenDavis,85,of345BensonSt.,waskilledinanautomobileaccidentonWarnerRoadabout1:30p.m.Sunday,accordingtotheArkansasStatePolice.Davis,aHotSpringsfarmer,waskilledwhenhiscarlefttheroadandstruckatreetwomileseastoftownonWarnerRoad,policesaid.12Samestory,writteninchronologicalstyleTodayat1:30p.m.,BenDavis,whoisafarmerat345BensonSt.,wasdrivinghomeonWarnerRoad.Hewastwomileseastoftownwhenhiscarwentofftheroadandhitatree.Davis,85,waskilledinstantly,accordingtoahospitalspokesman.Hewaspronounceddeadonarrivalatthehospital.13Whyisinvertedpyramidstyleused?Itallowsthereadertoreadonlytheleadandknowmostoftheimportantinformation.Itallowstheeditortocuttheleastimportantinformationfromthebottomofthestoryandnotworryaboutleavingoutanythingofgreatimportance.14Newslistening–Vibefilm(1)I.1.D2.C3.D4.B16AnswerstoTaskOne(2)II.1.dinosaurs;morethantwohundredmillion;morethanthreehundredfifty;lessthan20centimeters;thebiggestwhaleshark;bones;cartilage17AnswerstoTaskOne(3)2.senseofsmell;blood;chemicals;electricalandmagnetic;nervesandmuscles3.plantsthatliveintheocean;unusualthings;metalprotectiveclothingSomecarrytheiryounginsidetheirbodieswithacordconnectingthefetustothemotherlikehumansdo.18KeystoTaskThree(1)NewsItem1117.D18.ANewsItem1219.B19KeystoTaskThree(2)NewsItem1320.A21.CNewsItem1422.C20NewsItem11(1)letterbombs信件炸弹(恐怖分子等装在信封内的爆炸物)Swedenn.瑞典right-wing[‘raitwiŋ]a.右翼的;右派的plot[plɔt]n.阴谋;秘密计划raid[reid]n.突然袭击;侵袭Denmarkn.丹麦(欧洲国家)Danisha.丹麦的;丹麦人的21NewsItem11(2)shoot[ʃu:t]v.射中;射伤;射死target[‘tɑ:git]n.目标,指标understandv.认为;推断disguise[dis‘gaiz]v.假扮,伪装videotape['vidiəu'teip]n.录影带;录像带believev.认为;猜想,料想intercepte[,intə'sept]v.拦截;截住;截击22NewsItem12(1)rundown['rʌndaun]a.破败不堪的council['kaunsil]n.理事会，委员会estate[is‘teit]n.(房地产)产业;地产councilestate(英国市、镇、郡等)地方当局拥有的地产challenge['tʃælindʒ]v.要求,需要;激发enroll[in'rəul]v.把...记入名册,登记(名字等)defeat[di'fi:t]v.征服,击败welfare[‘welfɛə]n.福利的;福利事业dependency[di'pendənsi]n.依靠,信赖23NewsItem12(2)launch[lɔ:ntʃ]v.发动，发起wide-ranging['waid'reindʒiŋ]a.广泛的reviewn.再检查;审查draw[drɔ:]v.获取,得到reject[ri‘dʒekt]v.拒绝,抵制placement['pleismənt]n.布置scheme[ski:m]n.计划;方案urge[ə:dʒ]v.催促;力劝;激励24NewsItem13expedition[,ekspi‘diʃən]n.远征;探险;考察peak[pi:k]n.山顶;山峰MountMckinley麦金利山attach[ə‘tætʃ]v.使依附;使附属dental['dentl]a.牙齿的;牙科的corps[kɔ:]n.(医务、通讯、军械等兵种的)部队concussion[kən'kʌʃən]n.脑震荡lance[læns]corporal['kɔ:pərəl](英)一等兵25NewsItem14(1)Indonesiansn.印度尼西亚人runoff['rʌn,ɔ:f]n.决定性竞选;终投票incumbent[in‘kʌmbənt]a.现任的,在职的moderate['mɔdərit]a.温和的;不偏激的Muslimsn.穆斯林(即伊斯兰教徒)pledge[pledʒ]n.保证;许诺;发誓candidate[‘kændidit]n.候选人；竞选人voter[‘vəutə]n.选举人;投票人26NewsItem14(2)tie[tai]n.联系;关系prospect['prɔspekt]n.希望;前景Indonesian.印度尼西亚notable['nəutəbl]a.值得注意的,显著的achievement[ə‘tʃi:vmənt]n.成就,成绩campaign[kæm'pein]n.战役;运动,活动authoritarian[ə,θɔ:ri'tɛriən]n.独裁的;专制的27NewsItem14(3)lackluster['læk,lʌstə]a.无生气的commission[kə‘miʃən]n.委员会rival['raivəl]n.竞争者,对手,敌手camp[kæmp]n.阵营;拥护某一主义或党派的人们parade[pə'reid]n.游行,列队行进rally[‘ræli]n.(尤指政治上的)大集会,大会feature[fi:tʃə]n.特征,特色28Obama:NetanyahuOfferedNothingNew奥巴马：内塔尼亚胡未提出任何可行方案1.美国总统奥巴马对以色列总理内塔尼亚胡在美国国会发表的演讲持批评态度。他说，内塔尼亚胡在应对伊朗及其核项目问题上并未提出任何新的选择方案。2.奥巴马在白宫椭圆形办公室对记者说，他没有观看内塔尼亚胡在国会两院发表的演讲，但他阅读了演讲稿。3.以色列领导人发言时,奥巴马正在参加与欧洲领导人讨论乌克兰和其他问题的视频会议。奥巴马表示，内塔尼亚胡在演讲中没有提出任何新东西。4.奥巴马表示，他同意内塔尼亚胡所说，即美以关系牢不可破以及伊朗政权是危险的。5.内塔尼亚胡批评奥巴马试图通过谈判与伊朗达成一项核协议，奥巴马在这一点上做出最