一般现在时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时的构成•概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。•基本构成:主语+动词(包括be)的过去时•常用的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等具体时间状语。•【注】不论是否定句还是一般疑问句,只要用了助动词,原句中的谓语动词的过去时都要还原成动词原形;主+系+表结构的句子,主语要和was和were在人称和数上保持一致。一般过去时的用法•表示过去某一时刻或某段时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如:Ilivedhere5yearsago.•表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.•一般过去时的形式有时并不表示过去的动作而是只表示说话人的委婉语气。例如:couldyoutellmeyourname?现在完成时的构成•概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。•基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词•否定形式:主语+have/has+not+过去分词•常用的时间状语:now,today,tonight,thisweek,thisyear,already,yet,just,since,recently,inthepastfewyears等等•for和since的运用for表“经历(一段时间)”,而since表“自从……以来”。•例如:•1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.•2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3o’clock.•4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:1.Wehavehadthenewcomputer_______aweek.2.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_______Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool______1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother______overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit______twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit______twoyears.sincesinceforsinceforfor•JameshasbeeninCanada______Monday.•JameshasbeeninCanada______fourdays.•JamescametoCanadafourdays_____.•MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_____15years.•MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_____.•ShehaslivedinBrazil______15years______.•Mikehasbeeninhospital_______October.•Mikehasbeeninhospital______twomonths•Mikecametothehospitaltwomonths______•Hehasbeeninhospital______twomonths___填上since,for或者ago.sinceforagoforagosinceagosinceforagosinceago•already和yet的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末;yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如:•1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.•2.Tomhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?•Shallweeatlunch?Iam________hungry.•Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_____?•No,not______.•Hasthebellrung_____?•Yes,Ithas________rung.•Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired____.•Wehave_______changedtheplanbecauseLindahasn’tmadeuphermind______.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_____?•Yes.Wehave________orderedit.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded现在完成时的用法•目前已经完成的动作,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如:Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)•现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用。例如:Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.•现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。例如:Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.使用现在完成时应注意:•“have/hasgot”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/has为同一意义,即“有”。例如:Haveyougotapen-friend?-Yes,Ihave.•have/hasgoneto与have/hasbeento的区别:have/hasgoneto强调“去而未归”;have/hasbeento强调“去而归还”。have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever连用;have/hasgoneto则不可。•非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有:come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。一般过去时和现在完成时的区别•(1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)•过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。•现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回来了。HehasbeeninNewYorkformanyyears.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?总结•句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。•句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,lastweek,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。•共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once,before,already,recently,lately等。比较练习•1.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I___(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;haveputD.have;put;haveput•2.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened•3.Hello,I____youwereinLondon.Howlong_________here?A.don’tknow;wereyouB.hadn’tknown;areyouC.haven’tknown;areD.didn’tknow;haveyoubeenBCD比较练习•4.I’mgladtotellyouthatwe_____theworkinlesstimethanwe_____expectedto.A.finished;wereB.havefinished;areC.havefinished;wereD.hadfinished;were•5.It_____thatpleasantmusickeepspeoplefrombecomingtiredattheirwork.A.findsB.hasfoundC.wasfoundD.hasbeenfound•6.WhenIwasatcollegeI_______threeforeignlanguagebutI________allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgottenCDB