•动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词.•其中分词又有现在分词和过去分词之分.动词的非谓语形式—非谓语动词主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语宾语补足语不定式主语、表语、宾语、定语、动名词表语、状语、定语、宾语补足语现在分词表语、状语、定语、宾语补足语过去分词分词动词的非谓语形式(二)动名词•动名词由动词十ing构成;•具有动词和名词的性质;•在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.1)作主语.•例如:•Seeingisbelieving.•Layingeggsistheantqueen’sfull-timejob.•Itisnousearguingwithhim.•注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,一般来说区别不大,可以互换;有时有些区别,主要表现在:•动名词更接近于名词。表示习惯性的或抽象的多次性行为,不定式往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。•在口语中和疑问句中常用动名词,而不用不定式。•主语和表语一般在形式上要保持一致。例如:1.Playingwithfireisdangerous.(泛指玩火)2.Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具体动作)3.Seeingisbelieving.但在Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless/thereisno…等后必须用动名词。例如:1.It’snouse(useless)talkingtoomuch.2.It’snogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.3.Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.4.Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.2)作表语.例如:Herjobisteaching.3)作宾语.例如:Heisfondofplayingfootball.Ilikeswimming.附:•只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和词组:advise,admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,excuse,finish,deny,allow,escape,forgive,imagine,mind,keep,miss,practise,prevent,resist,risk,suggest,understand,appreciate,can’thelp,putoff,giveup…e.g.1.Thedoctoradvisedmegivingupsmokinganddrinking.2.You’dbetterputoffhavingthemeetingtillnextmonth.3.Youmusttryyourbesttoavoidmeetinghiminthatstreet.在beworthdoing句型中,动名词doing表示的也是被动意义.例如:•Thebookisworthreading.•Thepianois(well)worthbuying.•Thehonestmanisworthrespectinganddependingon.beworthdoing句型注①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,can’thelp,can’tstand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式.注②forget,goon,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。*Irememberdoingtheexercise.(我记得做过练习.)*Itrieddoingitagain.(我试着又干了一次.)*Stopspeaking.(不要讲话。)*Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时.)Imustremembertodoit.(我必须记着做这事.)Itriednottogothere.(我没法不去那里.Hestoppedtotalk.(他停下来讲话.)Imeantocomeearlytoday.(我打算今早些来.)注③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时,要用动名词形式,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时,其宾语补足语用带to的不定式.例如:Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon'tallowstudentstosmoke.Thedoctoradviseddoingmoreexercise.Thedoctoradvisedhimnotosmokeanymore.注④•动词need,require,want,deserve作“需要”解,(此时的主语往往是物),其后跟动词作它的宾语时,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式.这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.例如:1.Thebabieswant(need,require)examining.2.Thesickwomanneeds(wants,requires)lookingafter.注⑤•在短语devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,tobeusedto,objectto,thankyoufor,excusemefor,be(kept)busy,beworth,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),there’snouse/good/need,feel/look/seem/like/getdownto等后的动词也必须用动名词形式.例如:•Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.注⑥•在love,hate,prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。但说话人有所指的时候,通常用不定式。注⑦•start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。作定语•作定语的动名词的现在分词的区分:•动名词作定语可改写成:for…结构•而现在分词作定语时,其主语和分词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系例如:ateachingmethod:themethodforteachingasleepingchild:thechildissleeping2.动名词的复合结构•动名词的复合结构同由物主代词人称代词宾格+动名词构成名词所有格普通格加句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词.例如:1.Hiscomingmademeveryhappy.2.Mary’scryingannoyedhim.3.Shedidn'tmindhiscrying.4.IsthereanyhopeforXiaoWang’swinning?3.动名词的时态和语态•l)动名词的时态动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种•如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生,用动名词的一般式.例如:1.Weareinterestedinplayingchess.2.Hiscomingwillbeofgreathelptous.动名词的时态和语态•如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常用动名词的完成式。例如:•I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.•但是在某些动词或词组后,常用动名词的一般形式,尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.例如:•主语是这个动名词表示的动作的对象时,动名词用被动语态.•被动语态由“being十过去分词”或“havingbeen十过去分词”构成,后一种一般避免使用.•Helikesbeinghelped.•Hewasafraidofbeingleftathome.动名词的时态和语态