德国标准2000.06钢制模锻件-尺寸公差第一部分:锤锻和立式压力机模锻件德文版EN10243-1:1999DINEN10243-1用DINEN10243-2:2000-06代替DIN7526:1969-01和DIN7526Bbl.:1971-05本欧洲标准EN10243-1:1999与德国标准相同。前言本欧洲标准是由ECISS/TC28“钢制模锻件”技术委员会(秘书处:英国)制订。变更相对于DIN7526:1969-01和DIN7526Bbl.:1971-05本标准作以下更改:-全部接收EN10243-1:1999标准内容。早期版本DIN7526:1969-01DIN7526Bbl.:1971-05接续EN标准26页德国工业标准DIN标准研究所工具和夹紧标准委员会(FWS)DIN标准研究所标准的复制和摘录必须经过德国柏林标准研究所许可。标准号:DINEN10243-1:2000-06标准的出售可经10772柏林Beuth出版社办理。合同号:231第1页EN10243-1:1999欧洲标准_EN10243-1ICS17.040.10;77.140.85德文版本钢制模锻件-尺寸公差第一部分:锤锻和立式压力机模锻件本欧洲标准1999年8月22日经欧洲标准化委员会通过。欧洲标准委员会-成员同意执行欧洲标准化委员会/欧洲电工标准化委员会(CEN/CENELEC)-议事规则中确定的条件,在此欧洲标准中的这些条件不加任何改动引用到了德国标准中。在本德国标准的昀后一页有一个带有文献说明的目录,如果需要查阅这个目录中的文献可向中心秘书处或欧洲标准化委员会成员处索取。本欧洲标准有三个正式版本(德语,英语,法语)。其它语言的版本由欧洲标准化成员国自己负责翻译成本国语言,然后通知欧洲标准化委员会中心秘书处,这些版本与正式的版本内容完全相同。欧洲标准化委员会成员是由比利时,丹麦,德国,芬兰,法国,希腊,爱尔兰,冰岛,意大利,卢森堡,荷兰,挪威,奥地利,葡萄牙,瑞典,瑞士,西班牙,捷克和英国的国家标准研究所组成。欧洲标准化委员会CEN中心秘书处:ruedeStassart36,B–1050布鲁塞尔___________________________________________________________________________1999CEN–世界范围内任何形式和方法的所有权由欧洲标准化委员会成员国保留。标准号EN10243-1:1999D第2页EN10243-1:1999目录页码前言·················································································21.应用范围·································································22.规范性引用标准·····················································33.符号········································································34.规定公差的要素·····················································34.1.锻件质量······························································34.2.分模线·································································34.3.钢材种类······························································34.4.形状复杂程度······················································34.5.尺寸类型······························································45.公差类型·································································45.1.现有的公差类型··················································45.2.各种公差类型的确定··········································55.3.形状偏差······························································106.确定公差的使用表格·············································116.1.表1和表2:长度、宽度、高度、飞边残余量/过切量和错模移量--------------------------------11页码6.2.表3和表4:厚度尺寸和顶杆压痕公差············136.3.表5:弯曲度和挠曲度公差;中间距离公差····13表6:内圆角和和外圆角公差;分模线公差;剪切端变形公差7.模锻件的设计························································137.1.制造厂商需要的参数··········································137.2.模锻件图纸绘制·················································137.3.模锻件图纸的尺寸标注······································137.4.模锻件图纸的公差标注······································137.5.模锻件图纸的含义··············································13表1··················································································14表2··················································································15表3··················································································16表4··················································································17表5··················································································18表6··················································································18附录A(作参考)应用实例---------------------------------19前言本欧洲标准由ECISS/TC28“钢锻件”技术委员会制订,并由BSI秘书处保存。本欧洲标准必须保持与国家标准的状况相同,或者颁布相同文本的标准,或者至2000年3月前认可本标准,并在2000年5月以前取消现存相关的国家标准。本标准是由欧洲委员会和欧洲自由贸易区授权欧洲标准化委员会制定的。本欧洲标准作为一种辅助性标准以完善应用标准和生产标准,它是一种新方案准则的一个基本的安全要求,并是前面提到的欧洲标准的引用标准。按照欧洲标准化委员会/欧洲电工标准化委员会-议事规程,下述国家的国家标准研究所采用和执行本欧洲标准:比利时,丹麦,德国,芬兰,法国,希腊,爱尔兰,冰岛,意大利,卢森堡,荷兰,挪威,奥地利,葡萄牙,瑞典,瑞士,西班牙,捷克和英国。1、应用范围1.1本标准包括锤锻和垂直压力机加工的钢制模锻件的尺寸公差。本标准第一部分适用于由碳素钢和合金钢在热态下锤锻和压力机锻造而成的、供货状态的模锻件。其公差适用于重量达250kg、昀大长度为2500mm的模锻件。对于较重或较大锻件的公差必须经过特别协议。本标准不适用于卧式墩锻机加工的墩制模锻件。(参见EN10243-2)1.2本标准所给出的公差范围包括一般要求的锻件和公差带要求较窄的锻件,这两种锻造质量有以下几点不同:-锻造质量等级F有足够的公差范围,能满足一般使用要求,用普通锻造设备和制造工艺就能保证。-锻造质量等级E具有较窄公差带,用于不能满足一般要求的情况。锻造质量等级E(较小公差带)的公差可用于锻件的所有尺寸,但为了更经济,E级公差只用于那些必需要求较窄公差带的尺寸。此锻造质量级别只在认为由节约总费用来支付产生的附加费用时才有必要采用。尺寸公差表是在优先数系R20的基础上建立的。附录A提供了各种不同类型模锻件E级公差的应用实例1.3有时也有一些比规定的公差要求更高一些的应用实例,比如:特别复杂的锻件或者特别难锻制的钢。这时,公差标准只能作为基础,每次遇到这种情况时昀好对具体应用的公差进行特别协议。1.4本标准公差不包含比质量等级E更窄的特殊公差。这样的要求通常需要附加工序–比如:热态校整或冷态校整–或特殊变形工艺,比如:温热锻造或冷态锻造虽然这种情况经常出现,但它的使用是有条件的,而且此每次又各不相同,如果锻件还处在早期设计阶段建议,可以以此方式以较小的附加费用实现顾客提出的特殊要求。2规范化引用标准本欧洲标准通过引用下列标准中的条款而作为本标准条款,凡是注明日期的引用标准,其随后的更改或修订不适应本标准,但通过参考改动或修订更清楚的了解本标准。没有注明日期的引注,以相应标准出版物的昀后版本为准。ISO3优选号码–优先序列ISO8015技术图纸–一般公差规则3符号本标准中使用了下述符号:L=长度b=宽度h=高度a=厚度d=直径r=半径p=凸缘尺寸u=去除毛边高度v=去除毛边宽度t=理论长度e=特殊厚度m=质量(重量)π=圆周率ρ=密度S=形状复杂程度系数(参见4.4节)M=钢种(参见4.3节)x和y=剪切端变形4确定公差的要素为了确定锻件使用的公差与表1~表6一致,除了模锻件尺寸外,还需要以下要素:-模锻件质量-分模线-钢种-形状复杂程度系数-尺寸类型4.1锻件质量计算锻件质量。4.2分模线分模线分为以下类型之一:-或是平直的,或是对称弯曲的-或是不对称弯曲的(参见示例图1)4.3钢种应考虑高碳钢和高合金钢变形更加困难,与低碳钢和低合金钢相比模具磨损更大。使用的钢种适合下述分组的一组:M1组:钢中含碳量≤0.65%,并且含有Mn,Ni,Cr,Mo,V,W合金成分总含量≤5%。M2组:钢中含碳量>0.65%,或者含有Mn,Ni,Cr,Mo,V,W合金成分总含量>5%。决定钢属于两组中的哪一组关键是看钢中允许的昀高含碳量及上述合金成分的昀大允许含量。。4.4锻件形状复杂程度系数形状复杂程度系数要考虑到以下事实:与形状简单、敦实的零件相比,薄壁件和叉形件在锻造时尺寸更难控制,这是由于收缩不均、变形力较大,模具磨损也较重。下面指出了圆形和非圆形模锻件的示例(参见图2和图3)。图1:分模线平直的对称弯曲的不对称弯曲的第3页EN10243-1:1999第4页EN10243-1:1999图4确定形状复杂程度系数的例外情况模锻件的形状复杂程度系数用S表示,它是锻件质量与包含锻件昀大尺寸所需包容体重量1)之比。S=包容体锻件mm(1)锻件的圆形包容体(参见图2)是一段圆柱体,按下