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Unit4Earthquakes【语篇导读】据统计,全球每年约发生500多万次地震,85%的地震发生在地震带上,其中绝大多数人们感觉不到;但是总有一两次能对人类造成严重危害的大地震发生。墨西哥作为地壳活动较为活跃的地区,就发生了很多让人心悸的大地震。RockingAndRollingWithMexico’sEarthquakesChancesareyou’veseenadisastermovieinwhichanearthquakeruinsacity.Earthquakescanbehuge,frighteningevents,butearthquakesactuallyhappeneveryday.Mostofthemaren’tevenfeltbypeople.Thegroundunderourfeetmayfeelsolidandunmoving,butitisreallymovingallthetime.Somepartsoftheworldaremorelikelytohaveearthquakesthanothers.Mexicoisoneofthemostactiveearthquakeareasintheworld,andMexico’shistoryisfilledwithdisastrousearthquakes.OneoftheworsttookplaceonSeptember19,1985,whenaquakethatmeasured8.1ontheRichterscaletookplacejustoffAcapulco.About10,000peoplewerekilledandanother30,000injured.Thousandsmorewerelefthomeless.ThequakehappenedearlyinthemorningandwasespeciallydamagingbecauseMexicoCityisbuiltonanancientlakebed.Thesandandsilt(淤沙,淤泥)underthecityaremuchlessstable(稳固的)thanbedrock.Afterthequake,cityofficialsfound3,000buildingsweredestroyed,andanother100,000neededrepairs.Gasmainsbrokeopen,causingfiresthroughoutthecity.Anotherdevastating(毁灭性的)earthquakeinMexico’srecenthistoryhitVeracruzonAugust23,1973.Becauseittookplaceat4a.m.manypeoplediedintheirbedswhenhomesandapartmenthousesfelldownaroundthem.Between600and1,200peoplediedwithhundredsinjuredandmanybuildingsdestroyed.Mexicowillalwaysexperienceearthquakes,simplybecauseofitslocation(位置).Mexicanshavelearnedtorecognizethewarningsignsofaquakeandwhattodoifonehits.Thiscanbeassimpleasnoticingwhenwindchimes(风铃)aremovingonadaywithoutwind,whichmightprovidetheextra(额外的)secondsneededtomakeasafeescape.导读诱思WhydoearthquakesoftenhappeninMexico?答案EarthquakesoftenhappeninMexicosimplybecauseofitslocation.Itisoneofthemostactiveearthquakeareas.SectionⅠWarmingUp,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending一、词汇新知1.通过查阅词典,写出下列单词的派生词(1)nationn.民族;国家;国民→adj.国家的;国民的;民族的→adj.国际的;国际关系的;世界的(2)extremeadj.极度的→adv.极度地(3)injurevt.损害;伤害→adj.受伤的→n.伤害,损害;受伤处(4)electricityn.电;电流;电学→adj.电的;电动的;发电的;导电的→adj.有关电的;电气科学的(5)buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏→n.埋葬;葬礼答案(1)national;international(2)extremely(3)injured;injury(4)electric;electrical(5)burial2.选择合适的词组填空rightawayasifatanendinruinsdigout(1)—MustIdothework?—No,youneedn’t.(2)—Manypeoplewereburiedunderthemine.—Thesoldiersarethetrappedpeople.(3)—Thewholecityis.—Itisinneedofhelpfromallovertheworld.(4)Youwillfeelyouwereathomewhilehere.(5)MyholidayisandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.答案(1)rightaway(2)diggingout(3)inruins(4)asif(5)atanend二、阅读导学1.Whenanearthquakehappens,whatshouldwedotoprotectourselves?答案Firstly,don’tpanicandcalmdown.Secondly,findasafeplacetostayin.Ifinaroom,findsomethinghard,suchasadesk,atableorevenabed,andnevertakealifttogodownstairs.Ifintheopenair,findanopenplace,suchastheplayground.2.阅读课文,选择正确答案阅读ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP,选择正确答案(1)Thetitle“ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP”means.A.theearthwaswideawakeallnightlongB.peopleontheearthcouldn’tfallasleepthatnightC.theearthshooklikebeingcrazy,causinggreatdamagetopeopleD.animalsontheearthdidnotsleepthatnightC(2)AllthefollowingstrangethingshappenedinthecountrysidebeforetheearthquakeEXCEPTthat.A.thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfellB.miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohideC.thesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereintheskyD.fishswaminthebowlsandpondsfreelyandpleasantlyasusual(3)Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A.thewholecitywasatanendB.thearmy’scomingbroughthopetothecityC.peoplelosthopefacedwiththeterribleearthquakeD.thesignsbeforetheearthquakeweren’tclearatallDB(4)Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellusabout?A.Peoplesawbrightlightsintheskyatabout3:00amonJuly28,1976.B.Aterribleearthquakehappenedthatnight.C.Peoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.D.Somestrangethingshappenedbeforetheearthquake.(5)What’sthemeaningofthelastsentence“Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.”?A.Peopleweren’tsadanymore.B.ThelifeinTangshanbegantoreturntonormal.C.Theearthquakefinallycametoanend.D.Thosewhoweretrappedweresaved.DB1234567891.Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.想象一下你家的房子开始晃动,你必须马上离开家。★imaginev.想象①【高考典句】(2017全国Ⅱ,D)CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.150多年前,查尔斯·达尔文就想象了一个比我们所看到、听到更加繁忙、更加吵闹而且更加亲密的世界。②Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelikespendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.也想象一下闭着眼睛度过你的余生会是什么样子。123456789合作探究(1)读一读·细观察③Canyouimaginea60-year-oldJapanesefloatingtwodaysaloneinthesea?★rightaway立刻;马上④Iwantittypedrightaway,please.请立即把它打印出来。⑤Waitforamoment.Iwillbebackrightaway.等一会儿,我马上回来。(2)记一记·长知识1234567891234567892.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。剖析本句中的介词短语inthefarmyards在句中作地点状语,意思是“在农家大院中”。toonervoustoeat在句子中作表语,意思为“太紧张了而不吃食物”,在这里我们要注意词组too...to...,意为“太……而不能……”。如:Themanistoooldtocarrysuchaheavybox.这个人太老了,搬不动这么重的箱子。合作探究记一记·长知识词组too...to...可以由词组benotenoughto替换。副词too与all,only,quite等副词连用,构成alltoo...“太……”;onlytoo...“非常、实在太……”;quitetoo...“简直太……”。1234567891234567893.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市内,有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。★burstvi.爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发①Thewaterpressureburstth