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名词性从句中卫一中雍雪莲RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)Explanation1.名词性从句是由等充当连接词所引导的从句,可以充当__________________________,从句用______语序Explanationif,whether,that,what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,when,where,why主语,宾语,表语,同位语陈述句2.时态1)主句用一般时态,从句可以用_________.2)主句用过去时,从句用__________________.3)从句说明的如果是一般真理或客观事实,用_____________.一般现在时过去时中的一种各种时态宾语从句•Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.•Idon’tknowwhoallthesepeopleare.•ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.•Pleasetellmewhereshelives.在句中充当及物动词,介词或某些形容词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。找出下列句中的宾语从句Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewon’tcomeontime.Heaskedwhosecaritwas.What和that1.What和that在引导名词性从句时的区别：所引导的名词性从句中是否缺主语，表语或宾语汉语意义能否省略whatthat缺不缺什么；所…的东西无意义否宾语从句中能省略1)Ithink______itisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.2)Hismotherissatisfiedwith______hehasdone.3)_____hewasabletocomemadeushappy.4)______hegavemeisabook.5)Thisis_____makesusinterested.6)Thereasonwas_____Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.thatwhatThatWhatwhatthat注意一：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但以下几种情况that不可省：1.如果从句是并列句时,第二个及以后的分句前that不可省.Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoagoodcollege.（）Allthedoctorsinsistedhewasbadlywoundedandheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.∧that∧that2.that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到。此时that不可省略。e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong．判断正误并改错：1.Thereasonliesinsheworksharderthantheothersdo.2.Theybelieveinthattheymuststillbesingle.3.IknownothingabouthimexceptheislivinginBeijing.∧that√∧thatWho和whoever,what和whatever，which和whichever2.Who和whoever，what和whatever,which和whichever的区别：名词性从句让步状语从句Who／Whoever表“无论谁”What／whatever表“无论什么”Which／whichever表“无论哪一个”表“谁”表“…的任何人”表“什么”，“所…的（东西／事情）表“…的任何东西”表“哪一个”表“任何一个”1)Idon’tknow_____willhosttheparty.2)Ibelieve_________takespartinthecompetionwilltryhisbest.3)Canyoutellme______you‘dliketoorder?4)Justdo_________youlike.5)Idon’tknow________isyours.6)That’sjust______Iwant.whowhoeverwhatwhateverwhichwhatWhether和if3.Whether和if的区别:1)引导宾语从句，位于及物动词后_________．2)只能用whether的情况：二者可替换①引导主语从句并在句首时；②引导表语从句时；③引导从句作介词宾语时；④从句后有”ornot”时；⑤后接动词不定式时；Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.()Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.()Areyoutalkingaboutifhewillcome?()Hedoesn’tcarewhetheritisn’tafineday.()注意二：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether;从句是否定句时一般用if;whether可用于不定式之前√√___whether____________if1)_________thereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.2)Thequestionis_______sheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.3)Italldependson_________theskywillclearup.4)Iamnotsure________I’llcomeornot.5)Hecan’tdecide________toby.6)pleasetellme__________you’llgotothelecturestomorrow.WhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf/whetherHedidn’tsay________ornothewouldbestayinghere.A.thatB.ifC.weatherD.whetherHedoesn’tknow________togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whetherDidshesayanythingabout______wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为_______，即将从句中的＿＿＿＿＿转移到＿＿＿中．1)Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这儿．2)Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做．否定式否定形式主句注意三：宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。√我认为他不会对我撒谎的.I___________he___________me.我认为我们不应该借钱给他.I____________we____________himmoney.don’tthinkwilllietodon’tthinkshouldlend在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)：e.g.一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你认为天气会转晴吗?一Ibelieve_______.我认为会这样。Idon'tbelieveso.(或______________.)我认为不会这样。注意四：soIbelievenot注意五：宾语从句中用it作形式宾语•Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.•Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。that不能省.believe,consider,feel,find,make,think我觉得你放弃这份工作是不明智的.Ithink_____unwise___________________________.itthatyougiveupthejob他们要使公众明白他们做的是一项重要的工作.他把每天早上锻炼身体作为一个规定Hemakes___arule_________________everymorning.itthathetakesexerciseTheywanttomake____cleantothepublic_______________________itthattheydoanimportantjob.=Ithoughtthathefailedtocallmestrange.=Ithoughtstrangeitthathefailedtocallme．注意六:宾语从句的时态：(1)主句谓语动词是一般现在时态，宾语从句根据句意可用任何时态。(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语用相应的过去时态。(3)宾从是客观真理时，只能用一般现在时态。语序问题：从句用陈述语序宾语从句的时态和语序1.Couldyoutellmeifit_____tomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_____intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.risen3.Peterknew_______.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis4.Couldyoutellme______?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.wherethenearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenearestrailwaystationisD.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation5.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.A.finds/arrivesB.fi