上海交通大学2001-2004历年考博英语试题

睿普教育内部资料，仅供学习参考武汉大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题PartⅠReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Alltypesofstressstudy,whetherunderlaboratoryorreal-lifesituations,studymechanismsforincreasingthearousallevelofthebrain.Thebrainbloodflowstudiesshowthatrecitingthedaysoftheweekandmonthsoftheyearincreasesbloodflowinappropriateareas,whereasproblemsolvingwhichdemandsintenseconcentrationofareasoningtypeproducesmuchlargerchangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain.Betweenthesebasicstudiesofbrainfunctionandreallifesituationsthereisstillaconsiderablegap,butreasonabledeductionseemspossibletotryandunderstandwhathappenstothebrain.Lifeconsistsofaseriesofeventswhichmayberelatedtoworkortoourso-calledleisuretime.Workmayberelativelyautomatic—aswithtyping,forinstance,itrequiresintenseconcentrationandrepetitionduringthelearningphasetoestablishapatterninthebrain.Thenthetypist'sfingersautomaticallymovetohittheappropriatekeysasshereadsthewordsonthecopy.？However,whenshegetstiredshemakesmistakesmuchmorefrequently.Toovercomethisshehastoraiseherlevelofarousalandconcentrationbutbeyondacertainpointtheautomaticislostandthinkingabouthittingthekeysleadstomoremistakes.Otherjobsinvolveintenseconcentrationsuchasholdingbottlesofwineuptoastronglightandturningthemupsidedowntolookforparticlesofdirtfallingdown.Thissoundsquiteeasybutexperienceteachesthatworkerscandothisforonlyaboutthirtyminutesbeforetheystartmakingamistake.Thisispartlybecausethenumberofoccasionswithdirtinthebottleislowandthearousallevel,therefore,fails.Scientistshaveshownthatdevicestoraisearousallevelwillincreasetheaccuracyoflookingforrelativelyrareevents.Arecentstudyoftheeffectoflossofsleepinyoungdoctorsshowedthatintestsinvolvingachallengetotheirmedicaljudgmentwhenshortofsleeptheyraisedtheirarousallevelandbecamebetterattestsofgrammaticalreasoningaswell.1.Accordingtothebrainbloodflowstudies,problemsolving________.A.increasesbloodflowinsomeareasofthebrainB.causeschangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrainC.demandsintenseconcentrationofbloodincertainareasD.isbasedontheabilitytorecitethetime2.Theauthorbelievesthat________.A.theresultsobtainedinthelaboratoryexactlyreflectsthereal-lifesituationsB.thegapbetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationsistoolargetofillupC.thegapbetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationscanbeclosedbyproperreasoningD.thedifferencebetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationswillbereduced3.Whenatypistgetstired,________.A.shehastotryhardtoraiseherautomatic睿普教育内部资料，仅供学习参考B.shecantypeonlyautomaticallyC.shecannotthinkaboutwhatsheisdoing.D.shecanseldomtypeautomatically4.Examiningbottlesofwineishardworkbecause________.A.thebottlesmustbeheldupsidedownB.itisdifficulttoseetheparticlesofdirt？C.itrequireshighlevelofautomaticD.mostbottlesareallright5.Accordingtotheauthor,akeyfactorintheabilitytoreasonis________.？？？？？？A.thesubject'sknowledgeofgrammarB.theamountofsleepthesubjecthashadC.thelevelofarousalofthesubjectD.theextenttowhichthesubjecthasbeentaughttoreasonQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.？TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauctio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubbasra,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie'sandSotheby'sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesold？together,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethagoodsaresoldfor.