高中状语从句语法及例句

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状语从句状语从句在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句,通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。1.时间状语从句由下列连词引导:when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,once,assoonas,nowthat,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,bythetime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等注意点如下:1)when,while,as引导的时间状语从句as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。①ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)②WhenIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.我在街上行走时,碰到一位老朋友when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。①Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)②Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)③Whenwearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后发生)While强调一段时间里,仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生,并且有延续意义,该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词,从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态;在when表示aperiodoftime时,两者可以互换。①Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking.其他人工作时请不要大声讲话。②Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.读书时他睡着了。③WhiletheywerewatchingTV,Iwaspreparingmyselfforthecomingexamination.他们在看电视,而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”)as表示主从句动作同时发生,所以常译作"一边…一边"。Johnsingsasheworks.Ashishandsdroppedhedroppedwithit,andIlaidhimdown,dead.当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用as引导的省略句来代替。Whenhewasayoungman(=Asayoungman)hewasfondofhunting.2)before状语从句的重点句型Itwill(not)beaperiodoftimebefore还要……才,要不了多久就……was(not)过了……才,没多久就……①ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep.过了好长时间我才睡着了。②Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeaboutthenews.没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。③不等……就在---之前:BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.ThetelephonerangoffbeforeIcouldanswerit.我还没来得及接电话,电话就挂断了。④刚……就:Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheardthetelephonering.⑤先……再:Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision.做出决定之前你还有几天时间考虑Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardagreatnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.BeforeIcouldsayaword,shehadstormedoutoftheroom.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforeIcomeback.Itwasnotlongbeforetheenemywasdrivenoutoftheircountry.Itwon’tbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother.Doitbeforeyouforgetit.二Thereisnothingthathasnotbeenbitterbeforebeingripe.Hewasbroughtbeforethejudg三I’veseenthefilmTitanicbefore.Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowersbefore.四Beforelong,hewenttoAmerica.Ihopetoseeyoubeforelong.Shesaidshehadreadthenovellongbefore.Thathappenedlongbefore.3)since引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。Itis/hasbeenaperiodoftime延续性动词的过去式自从该动作结束已多长时间延续性动词的完成时态since该动作已延续了多长时间短暂性动词的过去式自从该动作开始已多长时间①HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不在生病了)②HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.我病了,他一直未来看我。③Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)④Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我们附近以来,我对他很了解。⑤It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)⑥It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=It'sthreeyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.我入伍已三年了。4)如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首,只有until从句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首时主句要倒装。Hedidn’tgobacktohishometownuntilthreeyearslater.=Notuntilthreeyearslaterdidhegobacktohishometown.Ididn’trecognizehimuntilhetookoffhisglasses.=NotuntilhetookoffhisglassesdidIrecognizehim.2.原因状语从句由下列连词引导:as,because,since,nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat(鉴于---)。下面几点值得注意:because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,可与强调词only,just以及否定词not连用。但不可以与so连用。如Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.Hefailedbecausehewascareless.他因粗心而失败了。because引导的从句可以被强调:ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL2)since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句,常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因,或指人们已知的事实,比as正式一些,常置于句首。as语气最弱,其原因只是对结果的附带说明,一般放在句首。Since/Nowthatnooneisagainstit,let’scarryouttheplan.Sinceeveryonehascome,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都来了,我们开会吧。Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodthere.所有的座位都满了他只好站那儿。3)for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词,它也常引导句子表原因,但不是原因状语从句,它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,表推测的理由。Thedaywasshort,foritwasDecember.Itmighthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswet.昨晚可能下雨了,因为地面是湿的。Shemusthavecriedforhereyesarered.她一定哭过了,她眼睛红的。Hecan’thavedonethatforheisnotthatkindofman.他不可能这么做的,因为他不是那种人。3.地点状语从句由下列连词引导:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。Youmayfindhimwherehisbrotherlives.Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以去你想要去的任何地方。Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.无论他走到哪儿,都收到热烈欢迎。Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。4.结果状语从句由下列连词引导:that,so…that,such…that,sothat等。注意以下几种结构:1).so+adj/adv+that…2).such(a/an+adj)+n+that…3).so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that…4).somany/much/few/little(少)+n+that…5)such+(adj)+n(u/pl)+thatHespokesofastthatIcouldn’tfollowhim.他说的如此的快,我跟不上他。Itwassuchalovelyday/solovelyadaythatweallwentswimming今天天气如此的好,我们大家都去游泳了。Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.他给了非常重要的理由,我们都原谅他了。So或such置于句首时,主句常倒装。Itwassuchalovelyday/solovelyadaythatweallwentswimming.=Suchalovelydaywasitthatweallwentswimming.Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.=Suchimportantreasonsdidhegivethathewasexcused.注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthateveryonewantstoseeit.Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmaseveryonewantstosee.Thestoneissoheavyaswecan’tlift.That引导的从句常用于口语中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