初中动词不定式

即todo，其否定形式是nottodo；不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式:一.不定式的句法功能1.It’snormaltocrywhenwefeelsad.(做主语)不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置.往往放v.和adj.之后.e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.It’s+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.1.不定式做主语：常用句型：It’s+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.（对某人来说）做某事是怎样的形式主语真正主语=Toworkouttheproblemisdifficultforme.It’sdifficultformetoworkouttheproblem.=Workingouttheproblemisdifficultforme.e.g.对我来说解答出这道题是很难的。2.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistoreadloudly.(做表语)可与be动词构成系表结构.HerwishistostudyinJiYanMiddleschool.Myjobistocleanthestreets.在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”的语法成分。2.不定式做表语：常放在be动词后，表明主语“是什么”。e.g.Ourplanistogotherebyplane.我们的计划是乘飞机去那儿。（主语和表语指代的是同一事物）1.Myjobis_________computers.A.tosellingB.sellC.tosell2.Herhobbyis______(play)football.toplay=Herhobbyisplayingfootball.3.Iwanttobuyaticket.(做宾语)接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want,plan,hope,decide,begin,start.need,wait,wouldlike.hate.refuse.wish.prefer,learn.try.like.agree,fail.beabletodo,do/tryone’sbesttodo等.e.g.Theydecidedtotryagain.Thelittleboywantedtogettoschoolbefore8o’clock.3.不定式做宾语：即动词+todo的结构中，这里的todo就是做宾语1.Myfriendswant________(book)someticketstothemovieforus.2.Myparentsdecide_____(give)memoremoney.3.Heplans_____(go)toBeijingforaholiday.4.Theboyhopes______(pass)theEnglishexam.5.Mylittlesonisable_____(read)somewords.6.I’lltrymybest_____(help)you.7.Shewouldlike_____(become)beautiful.4.KangkanghelpedustolearnEnglish.动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有tell,ask,get,want,wouldlike,wish,teach,help,order,invite,get,allow,send,lead等.常构成下面的句式：V+sb.+todo其否定形式为：V+sb.not+todo(做宾语补足语)Shetoldmenottogivethebooktohim.IaskedPaultocarrythebox.4.不定式做宾语补足语：即动词+sb.+todo的结构中，这里的todo就是做宾语补足语1.Don’taskJim___(go)swimmingwithus,becausehismotherwon’tallowhim____(do)so.2.Doesyoumotherwishyou____adoctor?A.beingB.tobeC.become3.Myteacheralwaystellsme____(study)hard.4.Idon’twantyou____(help)me.5.She’dlikeme____(join)them.6.Iwishyou____(have)agoodtime.Mybestfriendsteachme____(swim).8.Herfriendofteninvitesher____(have)dinner.9.Mymotheralwaysgetsmyfather____(do)housework.10.Iorderyou____(wash)yourhands但使役动词（let.make.have)和感官动词(see.watch.lookat.hear.feel)的宾补常省略to即：V.+sb.+doHeoftenmakeshissisterwashhisclothes.Iseethelittlegirlrunintotheschool.1.Whentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeone_____ChineseKongfu.A.playsB.playedC.toplay2.Mr.Brownmadehisstudents_____thenewwordsagain.A.copyingB.copyC.tocopy3.Pleaseletthestudents___down.A.sittingB.tositC.sit4.—IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?---Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearher_____inherroom.A.tosingB.singC.sings5.Igetupearlytocatchthebus.(做目的状语)不定式作状语一般表示目的，原因或结果．Iamsorrytohearthat.Let’sstoptohavearest.Theorangearetoohightoreach.Shedidn’tworkhardenoughtopasstheexam.(表原因)(表目的)(表结果)5.不定式做状语：常用来表示目的，原因或结果。1.Shesellsflowers___makemoney.A.madeB.makeC.tomake2.Theroomisnotbigenough____.A.toliveinB.forlivingC.tolive3.I’msorry______you.A.hitB.tohitC.hitting4.Heistooyoung___(go)toschool.6.作定语(后置）Ihavesomething_______﹙要说﹚.2.Shehasalotofwork_______﹙做﹚everyday.3.Theoldmanhasahouse_________﹙住﹚.4.Sheisaniceperson__________﹙谈话﹚.tosaytodotoliveintotalkwith6.不定式做定语：用来修饰前面的名词或者不定代词。注意：他在找一个房间住。没什么可担心的。请给我把笔来写东西。Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Thereisnothingtoworryabout．Pleasegivemeapentowritewith．不定式和宾语之间有时候必须加上相应的介词，才能构成完整的动宾关系。7.疑问词+todo构成短语。Wedon’tknowwhentoleaveBeijing.Canyoushowmehowtoswim.Hedidn’ttellmewhentoleave.1.JoeisteachingAlice______thechair.A.howmendB.howmendingC.howtomend2.Idon’tknowwhat____(do)next.3.Couldyoutellmewhen____(have)dinner?8.在学习不定式中,我们需要注意些什么呢?1）记住基本形式:todo否定:nottodo2）todo是非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变化,不能充当谓语.但可以和系动词构成系表结构.如:Mydreamistobeadoctor.3）感官动词see,watch,hear,feel等和使役动词make,let等接do作宾语补足语时,do称为不带to的不定式如:Doyouoftenseehimplaytennisontheplayground?4）充当后置定语时,要特别注意动词的不定式短语中的介词不能省去.如:Theoldmanhavenohousetolivein.8.只能跟ving的动词：finish,enjoy,mind,keep(on),practise,feellike(want),bebusydoing.giveup,lookforwardtodoing,can’thelpdoing,1.Ican’thelp_____(cry).2.Hedidn’tfinish____(do)homework.3.Wouldyoumind____(close)thewindow.4.EverydayMarypractise______(speak)English.5.Kangkangisbusy_____(watch)TVnow.6.Ilookforwardto___(hear)fromyou.7.Theykeep____(play)basketball.8.Mysisterfeelslike______(eat)icecream.9.既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟Ving的几组动词而意思无太大区别的：liketodolikedoingprefer.hatebeginstart…….10.注意Stoptodo与stopdoing：stoptodo指的是：停下其它的事情，去做不定式的动作。Wearesotired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。Stopdoing是指停下来正在做的事情。Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.It’stimeforclass,pleasestop________(talk)3.Hestopped_____(say)hellotomewhenhesawme.4.It’stoolate,let’sstop_____(work)5.Hestopped______(cry)whenseeinghismother.Ctalkingtosayworkingcryingremembertodo记得要去做rememberdoing记得曾经做过Pleaseremembertobringyourbookwithyoutomorrow.Irememberbringingmybookthismorning.forgetdoing曾经做过这件事，但后来忘了forgettodo忘记要做一件事（根本没做）Ioftenforgettoturnoffthelight,butIrememberturningitofflastnight.1.Don’tforget_____yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometomorrow.•tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking2.---Doyoustillremember_____mesomewhereinBeij