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Grammarandusage---NounClauses名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.Shewon’tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句I名词性从句的种类主语从句一般有三种结构：1.主语从句+谓语Thatshewillwinthematchiscertain.2.It+be+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句ItisimportantthatweteensshouldlearnEnglish.Itisgoodnewsthathewillattendthemeetingonbehalfofourschool.Itissaidthatourschoolwillholdasportsmeeting3.It+seem(happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句ItseemsthatKatyisnotcomingtothisparty.宾语从句的结构主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。Idon'tknowwhyheisalwayslateforschool.Weallagreewithwhatyousaidatthemeeting.宾语从句表语从句表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。1.be,look,remain,等系动词后均可跟表语从句：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.2.asif也可引导表语从句。Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.3.thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.同位语从句同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。Beijing,thecapitalofChina,ismyhometown.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Wewerehappytohearthenewsthatwasannouncedbyourboss.定语从句同位语从句同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）II.名词性从句的引导词：1.连接词：that、if、whether不作成分无意义2.连接代词：who、whom、whose、what、which3.连接副词：when、where、why、how“是否”作状语作主/宾/表考点一：区别that,what与which考点二：区别whether与if考点三：区别what,whatever,与nomatterwhat...考点四：it作形式主语或形式宾语考点五：名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点六：名词性从句的语序名词性从句考点归纳:考点1：连接词：that与what的区别Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）连接词that的省略。宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.1._______hesaidsomadeusangry._______hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_________youhaveinstructedittodo.（01全国）3.中国不再是过去的样子了。4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin______wasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereThatWhatChinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.what☆whatB:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个)1.---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof_______.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?whatwhichwhichWhat无范围；Which有范围考点2.区别if与whether•1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.•2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.•3.Thequestionis_______thisbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherwhether•4.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.•5._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.•6._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whetherWhetherIf请你归纳a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.直接加动词不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot直接连用时不用if只能使用whether的情况：请你归纳•___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而•____________等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。请你归纳whoever,whateverWho,what考点3.what,whatever,who,whoeverWhowilltakethepositionisn’tdecided.•1.__________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.•2._______weneedismoretime.•3._______hastakenawaymybagisunknown.•4._________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyonewhoNomatterwhodestroystheforestwillbepunished.（误）nomatter…只能引导状语从句，…ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.nomatterwho/what与whoever/whateverWhoeverdestroystheforestwillbepunished.（正）1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。___________________________isapity.2.他来不来不重要。________________________doesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…ThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythat…考点４：it作形式主语,形式宾语it作形式主语Whetherhewillcomeornot用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonsensethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…1.ThisisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.2.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forIt★(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if或when从句it作形式宾语(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that…/todo…Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.1.I’vegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.2.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.他发现很难使别人理解他.Hefound_________________________________.ititdifficulttomakehimselfunderstoodit考点之五:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考例:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用的句型有:I.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...II.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that...III.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.(2)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及