分类号:TG115.25密级:天津理工大学研究生学位论文基于ANSYS的铸件充型凝固过程数值模拟(申请硕士学位)学科专业:机械设计及理论研究方向:强度分析及现代设计方法作者姓名:金常忠指导教师:陈玲教授2011年1月ThesisSubmittedtoTianjinUniversityofTechnologyfortheMaster’sDegreeCastingMoldFillingProcessandSolidificationProcessSimulationByChangzhongJinSupervisorLingChenJanuary2011摘要铸造过程数值模拟是当前材料加工领域的研究热点,目前进行的研究多将充型过程和凝固过程分开进行,且多在铸造专业软件上实现。只进行充型过程数值分析,得到的温度计算结果不能预测缺陷,没有工程实用价值;只进行凝固过程数值分析,温度初始条件多建立在“瞬间充型、温度均布”假设的基础上,从而难以得到可靠的温度场、应力场计算结果,而建立在温度场结果基础上的缩孔、缩松、热裂判断也难以准确,尤其是在尺寸上厚大的零件。因此,研究在通用模拟软件上进行铸造充型与凝固全过程数值模拟,对铸造数值模拟的工程实用化水平的提高有着重大意义。本文研究了铸造充型和凝固过程各控制方程的离散,用ANSYSFluent软件包实现了铸造充型过程热流耦合计算及凝固过程温度场计算,得到了与实验相符的计算结果。用ANSYSMechanical模块实现了铸造充型凝固过程流程、温度场、热应力场的计算,并进行了缩孔、缩松、热裂的缺陷预测。主要研究工作如下:1、研究了铸造充型过程各控制方程的有限体积法离散方法;2、研究了铸造凝固过程各控制方程的有限元法离散方法;3、研究了ANSYSFluent中边界条件、初始条件、材料参数、紊流模型、相变等设置方法,并实现充型过程热流耦合和凝固过程的温度场计算;4、研究了ANSYSMechanical中边界条件、初始条件、材料参数、紊流模型等设置方法,并实现充型过程热流耦合计算,并用热弹塑性力学模型,耦合计算了凝固过程温度场和应力场;5、比较了有限体积法(FVM)和有限元法(FEM)在热流耦合计算的过程及结果,得出有限体积法在求解流动和温度上速度较快的结论;6、选择合适的判据,对缩孔、缩松、热裂缺陷进行了预测。关键词:铸造充型凝固温度场流场热应力场数值模拟AbstractCastingprocesssimulationisthecurrenthotresearchofmaterialsprocessingfield.Mostcurrentresearchesprocessdofillingandsolidificationprocesssimulationseparately,andimplementedoncastprofessionalsoftware.Temperaturefieldresultsofmoldfillingprocessnumericalanalysiscannotbeusedtopredictthedefects,whichprovidenopracticalvalueforengineering;numericalanalysisofsolidificationprocessbasedontheassumptionmomentoffilling,temperatureuniform,whichcancauseinaccurateresultsofthetemperaturefieldandstressfield,andtheshrinkage,thermalcrackingdefectspredictwillinaccuratetoo,especiallyheavycastings.Therefore,thestudyonthewholeprocessoffillingandsolidificationsimulationongeneralsimulationsoftwarehasgreatsignificancetoraisepracticalengineeringlevelofcastingnumericalsimulation.Inthispaper,discreteequationsoffillingandsolidificationprocesswerestudied.UsingANSYSFluentsoftwarepackagecoupledcalculatetemperaturefieldandflowfieldofmoldfillingprocessandtemperaturefieldofsolidificationprocess,whichconsistentwiththeexperimentalresults.UsingANSYSMechanicalmodulecalculatetemperaturefield,thermalstresscalculationofcastingprocess,andpredictshrinkage,shrinkageandthermalcrackingdefects.Themainworkisasfollows:1.UseFVMdiscretecontrolequationsofmoldfillingprocess.2.UseFEMdiscretecontrolequationsofsolidificationprocess.3.Studiedsettingmethodofboundaryconditions,initialconditions,materialproperties,turbulencemodelinANSYSFluent,andcoupledcalculatetemperaturefieldandflowfieldofmoldfillingprocessandtemperaturefieldofsolidificationprocess.4.Studiedsettingmethodofboundaryconditions,initialconditions,materialproperties,turbulencemodelinANSYSMechanical,andcoupledcalculatetemperaturefieldandflowfieldofmoldfillingprocess.AnduseThermalelastic-plasticmechanicalmodel,coupledcalculatedtemperaturefieldandtemperaturefield.5.CompariedtheprocessandresultsofFVMandFEM,andobtainedconclusionthatFVMisfasterthanFEMinflowfieldandtemperaturefieldcalculation.6.Selecttheappropriatecriteriontopredictshrinkage,hotcrackdefects.Keywords:Casting,MoldFilling,Solidification,TemperatureField,FlowField,StressFieldNumericalSimulation-i-目录第一章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1引言................................................................................................................11.2铸造过程数值模拟国内外发展现状............................................................21.2.1充型过程数值模拟国内外发展状况..................................................21.2.2凝固过程数值模拟国内外发展概况..................................................31.2.3目前铸造数值模拟存在问题及课题提出..........................................41.3充型过程数值模拟方法................................................................................51.3.1充型过程流场模拟方法简介..............................................................51.3.2充型过程自由表面处理方法简介......................................................51.3.3充型过程数值模拟实验验证..............................................................61.4凝固过程数值模拟方法................................................................................61.4.1凝固过程热应力计算的力学模型......................................................61.4.2热力耦合常用数值计算方法..............................................................61.5ANSYS平台软件简介...................................................................................7第二章铸件充型过程流场与温度场耦合计算.........................................................82.1控制方程........................................................................................................82.1.1连续性方程..........................................................................................82.1.2动量守恒方程......................................................................................82.1.3能量方程..............................................................................................92.1.4紊流模型及方程..................................................................................92.2控制方程的有限体积法离散形式..............................................................102.2.1流场模拟的各种数值方法比较...............