八种人格类型

讲解：ChrisDefinitionPersonalityreferstothoserelativelystableandenduringaspectsoftheindividualwhichdistinguishhimfromotherpeople,andatthesametime,formthebasisofourpredictionsconcerninghisfuturebehavior.特质论——始于20世纪四十年代TraitTheoryTheorists:CattellandEysenck从人格构成的微观角度出发，分析个体人格所包含的内容单元，即特质论。人格类型论——上世纪30、40年代开始Personalitytype根据某种标准对人群进行划分,描述个体差异。Takeaglanceatthesetheoriespersonality人格类型论单一类型模式T型人格对立类型模式A-B型人格理论多元型模式6种多元型模式气质类型论“四液说”多血质sanguinetemperament、粘液质、phlegmatictemperament胆汁质、cholerictemperament抑郁质melancholictemperament体型类型论谢尔顿内脏型、肌肉型、脑髓型心理类型论荣格（8种）外倾思维型（theextrovertedthinkingtype）内倾思维型（theintrovertedthinkingtype）外倾情感型（theextrovertedfeelingtype）内倾情感型（theintrovertedfeelingtype)外倾感觉型（theextrovertedsensationtype）内倾感觉型（theintrovertedsensationtype外倾直觉型（theextrovertedintuitivetype）内倾直觉型（theintrovertedintuitivetype)生活风格论阿德勒统治、获取、回避三种破坏性风格和社会利益建设型风格认知类型论卡根冲动——沉思型威特金场独立——场依存型价值观类型论斯普兰格经济型、理论型、艺术型、宗教型、权力型、社会型TestThethreebestknownare:EPQ-EysenckPersonalityQuestionnaire,(byEysenckin1975);MBTITheFiveFactorMode(byCostaandMcCrae,1922)MBTIFullName:TheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatorTheMBTIisaself-reportquestionnairethatassessestypepreferencesItwasdevelopedinthe1940sbyIsabelBriggsMyersandhermother,KatherineCookBriggs.TheydesignedthequestionnairebasedonJung'spsychologicaltypes.CarlGustavJung,(1875-1961),Swisspsychologistandanalyst,thefounderofanalyticalpsychology.CarlJungwasanintellectualprecocity(智力早熟),hiseccentricpersonality(性格孤僻),richimagination.Duetodifferentopinions,therelationshipbetweentwopeoplefinallyrupture.Heisfamousforhisanalyticpsychologyforthecollectiveunconsciousandpsychologicaltypetheory.HeisFreud'smostcontroversialdisciple.Jung的心理类型理论最早是体现在《心理类型》一书中，它旨在揭示，描述和解释个体行为表现的差异。Jung阐述了提供临床观察和心理分析得出的个体行为差异的3个维度：外倾Extraversion-内倾:Introversion感觉Sensing-直觉Intuition思考Thinking-情感Feeling判断Judgment-知觉Perception八种人格类型AddedbyM&BTherefore,MBTIcontainsfourseparateindices.Eachindicesreflectoneoffourbasicpreferences.TheMBTIpreferencesindicatethedifferencesinpeoplebasedonthefollowing:Howtheyfocustheirattentionorgettheirenergy(ExtraversionorIntroversion)Howtheyperceiveortakeininformation(SensingoriNtuition)Howtheyprefertomakedecisions(ThinkingorFeeling)Whatlifestyleapersonprefers(JudgmentorPerception)HowtheyfocustheirattentionorgettheirenergyExtraversion(外倾)-Introversion(内倾)indexmeasuresattitudesconcerningwhethertodirectperceptionjudgmentmainlyontheouterworldorontheinnerworldofideas.Jungdefinedintroversionasanattitude-typecharacterizedbyorientationinlifethroughsubjectivepsychiccontents(focusonone'sinnerpsychicactivity);Extraversionwasdefinedasanattitudetypecharacterizedbyconcentrationofinterestontheexternalobject,(theoutsideworld).HowtheyperceiveortakeininformationSensing(感觉)-Intuition(直觉)indexfocusesontheprocessofperceptionasbeingeitherdependingonobservablefactswhichcanbedeterminedbeyondtheconsciousmindHowtheyprefertomakedecisionsThinking(思考)-Feeling(情感)indexreflectaperson’sprocessofjudgmentasrelyingprimarilyonthinkingtodecideimpersonallythroughlogicalthoughtorasrelyingonfeelingtodecideonthebasisofpersonalorsocialvalues.WhatlifestyleapersonprefersJudgment(判断)-Perception(知觉)indexdescribedaperson’sstyleofdealingwiththeoutsideworldeitherbyusingajudgmentprocessinvolvingthinkingorfeelingorbyusingaperceptiveprocessinvolvingeithersensingorintuition.42=16ESFPISFPENFJINFJESTPISTPENFPINFPESFJISFJENTPINTPESTJISTJENTJINTJISTJIntrovertedSensingThinkingJudging1+1+1+14Seriousandquiet,interestedinsecurityandpeacefulliving.Extremelythorough,responsible,anddependable.Well-developedpowersofconcentration.Usuallyinterestedinsupportingandpromotingtraditionsandestablishments.Well-organizedandhardworking,theyworksteadilytowardsidentifiedgoals.Theycanusuallyaccomplishanytaskoncetheyhavesettheirmindtoit.Myers,I.B.&McCaulley,M.H.Manual:AguidetothedevelopmentanduseoftheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator.PaloAlto,CA:ConsultingPsychologistsPress,Inc,1985李小新,贺峰，“人格类型论”，《宿州教育学院学报》,2012,(5):33-35.伊莎贝尔.布里格斯.迈尔斯，彼得迈尔斯,《天资差异》（张荣建译）重庆:重庆出版社.2008.1