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HenryJames（1843－1916）•LifeofHenryJames•LiteraryFeaturesofJames•PeriodsofJames’literaryCareer•TheFeaturesofWorks•HisRepresentativeWork亨利·詹姆斯（1843-1916）AnAmericanandBritishnovelistandliterarycriticborninNewYork1862:JamesenteredHarvardLawSchoolLifeofHenryJamesIn1875,hedecidedthatEuropewashisidealhomeandsettledinParis,wherehemetFlaubertandMaupassantIn1915,hebecameBritishsubjectHenevertookpartinpublicaffairsorshowedmuchinterestintheeconomicandsocialchangesoftheperiodHewasdeeplyinterestedinthecontrastbetweentheoldworldandthenewone,betweentheEuropeanwayoflifeandtheAmericanoneIn1916,hediedIn1976,hisasheswereremovedtoPoet’scornerinWestminsterAbbeyHenryJames（1843－1916）theforerunnerof‘streamofconsciousness’novelthefounderofpsychologicalrealismAttheageof25hewasrecognizedasthebestshortstorywriterinAmerica.Oneofthethreestaunchadvocatesof19thcenturyAmericanrealism,theothertwowereHowellsandMarkTwain.Jamesfirstachievedrecognitionasawriterofthe“internationalnovel”•TheculturalconflictbetweenEuropeandAmerica•Thepsychologicalactivitiesofcharacter•Dramaticeffect•Ambiguity（歧义）inattitudetowardsmanythingsLiteraryFeaturesofJamesPeriodsofJames’literaryCareer•Earlyperiod(1865-1882):“internationaltheme”(AmericaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication)Majorworks:TheAmerican,DaisyMiller,TheEuropeans,ThePortraitofaLady•Middleperiod(1865-1895):experimentswithdifferentthemesandforms(subtlestudiesofinter-personalrelationship)Majorworks:TheBostonians,ThePrivateLife,TheDeathofaLion•LatePeriod(1895-1916):arevivalofthethemeofinnocenceinacorruptedworldand“theinternationaltheme”.Majorworks:TheTurnoftheScrew,WhatMaisieKnew,TheAmbassadorsTheWingsoftheDoveTheAmericanScene《美国人》TheAmerican（1877）《戴茜·米勒》DaisyMiller（1878）《欧洲人》TheEuropeans（1878）《贵妇的肖像》ThePortraitofaLady（1881）《华盛顿广场》WashingtonSquare（1881）《法国掠影》ALittleTourinFrance（1884）《波士顿人》TheBostonians（1886）《卡萨玛西玛公主》ThePrincessCasamassima（1886）《悲剧的沉思》TheTragicMuse（1890）《盖伊·汤姆威尔》GuyDomville(play,1895）《未成熟的青春期》TheAwkwardAge（1899）《鸽之翼》TheWingsoftheDove（1902）《大使》（或译：奉使记），TheAmbassadors（1903）《丛林猛兽》TheBeastintheJungle（1903）《美国风情》TheAmericanScene（1907）《意大利风情》ItalianHours（1909）FilmographyJames’spsychologicalnovel•Jameschangedthemethodofpresentationinanovel,shiftingthecentreofgravityfromactiontoitsintellectualandfantasticaspects:•externalcircumstanceslosesignificancebeforetheinwardeventsthattakeplaceinasoul.HenryJamesandRealism•Heisoneofthefoundersandleadersofaschoolofrealisminfiction•Anstrongadvocateofrealism:TheArtofFiction1)“Artwithoutlifeisapooraffair”;“theonlyreasonfortheexistenceofanovelisthatitdoesattempttorepresentlife”,etc.2)“Itisartthatmakeslife”•Psychologicalapproachtohissubjectmatter:forerunnerofthe20th-century“stream-of–consciousness”novelsandthefounderofpsychologicalrealism(“historianoffineconsciences”)伟大的心理小说创始人，意识流小说的先驱。•Realismreferstotheapproachofrealistfictionoccurredatthelatterpartofthe19thcentury.Inpart,theriseofrealismcameasaprotestagainstthefalsenessandthesentimentalitywhichtherealiststhoughttheysawinromanticliterature.Therealistsaredeterminedtocreateanewkindofliteraturethatwascompletelyandtotallyrealistic.RealismThePortraitofaLady-----HenryJames贵妇的肖像ThePortraitofaLady•ItisoneofJames'mostpopularnovels,andisregardedbycriticsasoneofhisbest.•Withrich,well-structured,andthepsychologicalportraitofyoungwoman,thisnovelwasregardedasmodernnovelofAmerica.DescriptionThetalentedandbeautifulIsabelArcher,courtedbyseveralsuitorsandenrichedbyherdyinguncle,choosestomarrythecoldandambitiousGilbertOsmond.Theheroinesoondiscoverstohercostthatfreedomofchoiceisneverwhatitseems.•描写了一个自强、自信、富于幻想,但涉世不深的美国姑娘伊莎贝尔阿切尔被一个虚伪、贪财、好色的猥琐小人骗取了爱情,以至醒悟为时已晚的故事。WritingStyles•Pointofviewofacharacter:IsabelArcher’sconsciousnessandperceptionpromotetheplot.•这部小说中作者第一次冲破了传统小说的写作方式，以女主人公伊莎贝尔·阿切尔为意识中心，将各种不同的观点集于一身，以她的视角去体验现实生活、感悟人生的真谛作者精微细致地描绘了伊莎贝尔对周围环境与人物的各种内心感受与心理变化，使外部世界通过人物的内心活动得到充分表现，使故事情节在人物的内心活动中自然展开从伊莎贝尔的人生经历中读者看到她自由独立的性格AboutHenryJames•Pioneeredthepsychologicalanalysisofthefirstofthenovel•HenryJamesoccupiesapivotalpositioninthenewcriticismschool,andhasbeenhailedasthemasterofliteratureandtheforerunnerofthewesternmodernnovel.•TheconsciousnesscentertheoryproposedbyJameshasgreatinfluenceonthelaterconsciousnessnovels.•HewasrecognizedasaprominentAmericanwriterofpsychologicalrealism.ThankYou