87TEM8_Mini-lecture的技巧

1第一部分：考试介绍介绍该部分的题型要求、题型设计、选材特点、文体特点、时间分配等第二部分：题型分析结合近年真题来分析这部分的题型设置第三部分：应试技巧（重点）结合Mini-lecture的篇章、结构特点对Mini-lecture的应试策略和技巧进行归纳21.考试介绍由来：Mini-lecture题型于2005年新考试大纲颁布后实施；主要变化：选材更贴近本专业、提纲更明晰要求：“能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化、教育、语言文学、科普方面的演讲及演讲后的问答”设计：一篇900字长度的讲座，要求考生边听边做笔记，然后完成10题填空；填空以提纲形式出现31.考试介绍选材特点：自2004新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容2005WritingaResearchPaper(科研)2006MeaninginLiterature（文学）2007WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?（艺术）2008ThePopularityofEnglish（语言）2009WritingExperimentalReports（科研）41.考试介绍文体特点：•讲座文体正式（但话语标记有时正式有时非正式），语言规范，逻辑严密，脉络清晰；•含有专业名词或术语（e.g.linguafranca）；时间分配（以2009为例）：•8分钟讲座（边听边记录，发空白记录纸）•2分钟检查笔记（同时发答题卡1，网站有样张）•10分钟填写答题卡152.题型分析2.1关键信息题型*•一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点/大标题•二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点/小标题2.2推理判断题型**•根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，一般会有多种正确答案2.3概括总结题型***•在理解讲座原话的基础上进行概括、总结，有一定难度62.1关键信息题型一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点/大标题要点排列有序，此类题目一般笔记不遗漏要点就能准确回答II.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish1)(3)2)Economicreasons;3)(6)ininternationaltravel;4)Informationexchange;5)Popularculture;200872.1关键信息题型二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点/小标题二级要点在一级要点之下，一般是列举、阐述、解释、分类等细节信息；题目很直观，解题有赖于认真仔细的记录和准确记忆II.TypesofInformationA.Informationinhistoryis(2)_______---facts,butnoopinionB.Informationinarthistoryissubjective---(3)_______andopinion200782.2推理判断题型根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，听到的答案一般不能直接照搬通过分析推理，可以概括出三种答案：India,colonies,Britishcolonies.II.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish1)(3)—thePilgrimFathersbroughtthelanguagetoAmerica;—BritishsettlersbroughtthelanguagetoAustralia;—Englishwasusedasameansofcontrolin(4)200892008原文线索（续前页）“Forexample,itbecamealinguafrancainIndia,whereavarietyofindigenouslanguagesmadetheuseofanyoneofthemasawhole-countrysystem/problematic.So,theimpositionofEnglishastheonelanguageofadministrationhelpedmaintainthecolonizer'scontrolandpower.”102.3概括总结题型在理解讲座原话的基础上进行概括、总结；对逻辑思维能力和通篇理解力是一种考验III.ArtasreflectionofreligiousbeliefsA…….B…….C.AfricaandthePacificIslands:masks,headdressandcostumesinspecialceremoniesPurpose:toseekthehelpof__(6)____toprotectcrops,animalsandpeople.2007112007原文线索（续前页）“Christianartinfluencespeople’sreligiousfeelingstowardsGod.ButthegoaloftraditionalartinAfricaandthePacificIslandsistoinfluencespiritualpowers,thatisgods,toenterpeople’slives.Eachtribeorvillagetherehasspecialceremonieswithsongsanddancestomakesurethatcrops,animals,andpeoplearehealthyandincreaseinnumber.”Godgods;livescrops,animals,andpeople123.应试技巧3.1准备：熟悉讲座的结构和标记话语3.2听前：轻装上阵3.3听中：找中心、抓要点、理脉络、顾整体、不遗漏3.4听后：依据笔记填空、注意词性和大小写3.5功夫：速记——好记性不如烂笔头133.1准备(1)熟悉一般学术讲座的结构•Opening开场白•Thesis主题•Connection承接•Body正文•Summary总结•Closing收尾14讲座的结构实例分析——2008(1)•Opening开场白：–“Goodmorning,everyone.”•Thesis主题：–“Today‘slectureisaboutthepopularityofEnglish.”•Connection承接：–“AlthoughEnglishisNOTthelanguagewiththelargestnumberofnativeor“first”languagespeakers,...whatisalinguafranca?Thetermrefersto…”–“Then,actuallyhowmanypeoplespeakEnglishaseithera‘first’ora‘second’language…”15讲座的结构实例分析——2008(2)•Body正文–“Then,wemayaskaquestion…”–“Firstisthehistoricalreason…”–“Now,thesecondmajorfactor…”–“AndthethirdfactorrelatedtothepopularuseofEnglishis…”–“Anotherfactorhassomethingtodowithinformationexchange…”–“ThelastfactorIcitehereconcernspopularculture…”16讲座的结构实例分析——2008(3)•Summary总结–“Now,tosumup,intoday’slecture,wehavereviewedsomeofthereasons…”•Closing收尾–“OK,thisbringsustotheendoftoday’slecture.Thankyouforyourattention.”173.1准备(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记•Introducing介绍/导入•Givingbackgroundinformation交代背景•Defining定义•Listing列举•Givingexamples举例•Emphasizing强调•Clarifying/Explaining解释•Movingon/Changingdirection承接/转接•Givingfurtherinformation递进•Givingcontrastinginformation转折•Classifying分类•Concluding总结18(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Introducing介绍/导入•WhatIintendtosayis•WhatI’dliketodoistodiscuss•WhatIintendtodoistoexplain•Inmytalktoday,/Mytopictodayis•Today,I’mgoingtotalkabout•I’mgoingtotalktoyouabout•Inthistalk,Iwouldliketoconcentrateon•Thesubjectofthistalkis19(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingbackgroundinformation交代背景•Asweknow•Aswehavealreadyseen•Aswehaveallread•It’sclearthat•Itgoeswithoutsaying•Weallunderstand•Itisunderstood•You’llremember20(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Defining定义XisiscalledisknownasmaybedefinedasisatypeofYthat/which21(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Listing列举FirstlySecondlyNextThenThirdlyLastlyFinallyFirstofallInthefirstplaceForonethingTobeginwithInthesecondplaceForanotherthingThefirst/second/next/lastpointI’dliketomakeis22(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingexamples举例•Forexample,•Forinstance,•Youonlyhavetothinkof•Remember,•Say,•Takesomethingforexample,23(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Emphasizing强调•Iwanttostress•I’dliketoputemphasison•It’simportanttorememberthat•Weshouldbearinmindthat•Don’tforgetthat•Theessentialpointis24(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Clarifying/Explaining解释•Inotherwords,•Thatistosay,•Toputitanotherway,•BywhichImean•Oryoucouldsay•ThepointI’mmakingis•Thatistosay,•Thatis,Namely,i.e.•Thatmeans25(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Movingon/Changingdirection承接/转接•That’sallIwanttosayaboutX.•OK/Now/Allright•Havinglookedat…,I’dnowliketoconsider•I’dlikenowtomoveonto•Turningnowto•Solet’sturnto•Movingonnowto26(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingfurtherinformation递进•Furthermore,•Anotherpoint•Afurtherpoint•Inaddition/Moreover/Similarly•Apartfrom,•Notonly…,but•Weca