真实条件句VS非真实条件句

真实条件句VS非真实条件句2017-8-21条件句概述12真实条件句3非真实条件句4习题巩固CONTENTS目录条件句条件句是指一种表示假设的主从复合句，一般由连词if引导的条件从句引出某种假设，再由主句表示基于这种假设下的反馈。常译为“如果或假如……那么……”。分为真实条件句和非真实条件句，前者使用陈述语气，后者需用虚拟语气。条件句主句和从句的动词需遵守时态一致律。表示现实中可能实现的情况。在真实条件句中，从句的谓语动词一般用一般现在时来代替一般将来时；用一般过去时来代替过去将来时。1.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,Iwillstayathome.2.Theysaidtheywouldletusknowifthey_______anynewsabouthim.真实条件句rainsheard①如果主句用的是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时。②如果主句是祈使句，从句用_______________。③如果主句含有情态动词，从句用____________。1.IwillvisitmygrandmotherifI_______free.2.Let’sgoshoppingifyouarenotbusy.3.Youmustbecarefulifyougoswimmingintheriver.am一般现在时一般现在时时态if引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句前面，常用逗号隔开；也可以放在主句的后面。Ifyoudon'thurry,youwillbelate.=Youwillbelateifyoudon'thurry.语序①“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意义上相当于一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.②“if+否定句”相当于“unless+肯定句”。Don'tcomeinifIdon'tcallyou.=Don'tcomeinunlessIcallyou.转换也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。非真实条件句1.与现在事实相反if条件句：_____________主句：_______________________________________________一般过去式（was用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形1.IfI________(come)intoafortune,I_____________(give)upworking.comeintoafortune(继承一笔遗产，发财）2.IfI_________(know)howitworks,I___________(tell)youwhattodo.3.Ifwe_________(leave)now,we_____________(arrive)intime.camewouldgiveknewcouldtellleftshouldarrive1.与过去事实相反if条件句：________________________主句：_______________________________________________过去完成时haddonewould/should/could/might+havedone1.IfI_________(leave)sooner,I__________________(catch)thebus.2.We________________(call)youifwe____________(know)yourtelephonenumber.3.Ifshe_________(take)themedcine,she__________________(fell)muchbetter..hadleftwouldhavecaughtwouldhavecalledhadknownhadtakenwouldhavefelt3.与将来事实相反if条件句：___________________________________主句：_______________________________________________一般过去式/weretodo/shoulddowould/should/could/might+动词原形1.Ifwe_____________(miss)the10o'clocktrain,we___________(get)theretillafterlunch.2.Ifourtrain______________(arrive)ontime,we___________(have)timetovisityoursister.3.Ifhe______________(come),what______________tohim?如果他要是来了，我们该和他说些什么呢weretomisswould'tgetweretoarriveshouldhaveweretocomeshouldwesay所述情况条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反注意：上述主句的谓语中，would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性，should表应该，主要用于第一人称后。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中，主句和从句谓语动词的形式过去一般时（be用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词动词的过去式wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形2.错综时间虚拟条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。1.Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.2.Ifhe________________(follow)thedoctor’sadvicethen,he_____________(be)quiteallrightnow.hadfollowedwouldbe3.省略if的虚拟条件从句的用法在非真实条件句中，如果条件从句的谓语中含有were,had或should，可将if省略，而把这几个词放在句首，构成倒装，其意义与带if的条件从句相同。1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldlearntoski.__________________hereearlier,you__________________her.如果你到的早点的话，你就见到她了。__________________tomorrow,thepicnicwouldbeputoff.万一明天下雨的话HadyouarrivedwouldhaveseenWereIyou,…Shoulditrain4.含蓄条件句在上下文情况清楚的情况下，条件从句或主句有时可省略，条件从句不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中。条件句的意思通常用without，otherwise(否则），or，butfor，wereitnotfor等方式表达。Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,wecouldnotgetoverthedifficulities.Butfortheirhelp,……Withouttheirhelp，……I'mill;otherwiseIwouldvisitmygrandpa.1.Hehesitated（犹豫）foramomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoredD.wouldhavescored.2.Butfortheirhelp,we______theprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinisdD.couldnothavefinished.3.They______twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey'dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.getDDB4.Ifit_______forhisteacher'shelp,mybrotherwouldn'thavepassedtheEnglishexamsoeasilylastterm.A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.hasn'tbeenD.wouldn'tbe5.Ifyou_______intheexam,youwilllethimdown.A.failB.willfailC.failedD.wouldfail6.IfIweretohavetime,I________tothetheatretomorrowevening.A.shouldgoB.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.weretogoBAA7.Ifyou______late,youwouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.A.won'tbeB.haven'tbeenC.aren'tD.hadn'tbeen8.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI______timeA.hadB.havehadC.hadhadD.wouldhavehad9.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,Iwouldhavemether.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeDCD1.Ifeveryone_________(protect)theenvironment,theworldwillbecomebetter.1.We______________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.2.Ifthere________(be)nomoderntelecommunications(远程通讯),wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.3.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,Iwouldn't_________(win)thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.4.Ifwe___________(take)theotherroad,wemighthavenotmissedthetrain.wouldbewerehavewonhadtakenprotects1.Ifyoulistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.2.Butfortherain,weshouldhaveawonderfuljourneyyesterday.3.IfIamyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.4.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection(选举）,hewouldhavebeenourchairmannow.˄had˄had__were_____be