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高三复习之阅读理解专项Class5Senior3Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?•Ignorethemandcontinuereading•Lookthemupinthedictionary•Guessthemeaning猜测词义读懂文章---------高三英语阅读指导猜测词义：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。对考纲外生词的猜测ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”通晓数种语言的人使模糊，混淆，搅浑词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby___.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means__.5.Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…语境法Contextclues构词法Wordformation猜测词意中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-()mini-()micro-（）re-（）mis-（）im-（）un-（）in-（）non-（）-able（）-less（）-wards()超极微小的误，恶不，非不，非不，无极小的,微小的再，反复不不，非能…的向WordFormation构词法：supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)1.定义描述3.因果关系2.同义反义4.举例归纳5.生活常识6.上下文推测语境猜测词义◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.动物学家牧羊人1、定义描述小结：通常由定语从句或同位语引出词的具体含义2.同义词◎Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.◎Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.◎Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.圆胖的灌溉一致同意的反义词◎ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.污秽的天生的混乱由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，incontrast,onthecontrary等。小结3、因果关系◎Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.◎Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.◎Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.贫穷的混浊的独断专行的常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小结4、举例归纳法◎Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.◎Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。小结◎Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.波纹,涟漪颤抖症状5、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理小结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls解析高考真题Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.…Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeatC小结所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活动(1)1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever2.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱小试身手4.Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.A)pleasuresB)conveniencesC)dangersD)equipment5.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚Passage2IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish”inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryonBHomework1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.Finishthegivenexercisesonguessingmeanings.