乔治艾略特和弗洛斯河上的磨坊英文介绍

AileenContents♣BasicBiographicalIntroduction♣WritingCareerandMajorPieces♣BriefIntroductionofTheMillontheFloss(MainCharactersandPlots)♣WritingBackgroundandThemesBasicBiographicalIntroduction♣Bornon22November1819,southfarm,ArburyHall,Nuneaton,Warwickshire,England.♣ShewasthethirdchildofRobertEvans(whousedtobeacarpenter,thenbecameaestatemerchant)andChristiana.GeorgeEliotwasherpenname,herrealnameisMaryAnneEvans.Englishnovelist,journalist,translatorandoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.♣Reasonsforusingamalepenname:Toensureherworkswouldbetakenseriously.FemaleauthorswerepublishedundertheirownnamesduringEliot'slife,butshewantedtoescapethestereotypeofwomenonlywritinglightheartedromances.AnadditionalfactorinheruseofapennamemayhavebeenadesiretoshieldherprivatelifefrompublicscrutinyandtopreventscandalsattendingherrelationshipwiththemarriedGeorgeHenryLewes,withwhomshelivedforover20years.♣Before16:Broughtupwithinalowchurchfamily.intelligent,voraciousreader.Greekliterature(tragedy),religion.♣Attheageof16:fewformaleducation;hermotherdied,returnedhome,housekeeper♣Attheageof21:movedtoFoleshillnearCoventry.♣Attheageof30:herfatherdied,travelledtoSwitzerland.♣Thefollowingyear:returnedtoEngland.stayedatthehouseofJohnChapman,theradicalpublisherwhoshemetnearCoventry.♣BecauseChapmanhadboughtthecampaigning,left-wingjournal—TheWestminsterReview,Evansbecameitsassistanteditorin1851.♣Alsoin1851,shemetthephilosopherandcriticGeorgeHenryLewes,andtheyhaddecidedtolivetogetherby1854.♣ButLeweswasmarriedtoAgnesJervis,inadditiontothethreechildrentheyhadtogether,Agnesalsohadfourchildrenofanotherman,butLewes’namewasonthebirthcertificatesasthefatherofthesechildrendespiteknowingthiswasfalse,sohewasnotabletodivorceAgnes.♣InJuly1854,LewesandEvanstravelledtoWeimarandBerlintogetherforthepurposeofresearch.ThetriptoGermanyalsoservedasahoneymoonasEvansandLewesconsideredthemselvesmarried.♣Asanovelist,Eliot’srelationshipwithLewesaffordedhertheencouragementandstabilityshesobadlyneededtowritefiction.♣In1858,whenshewas39,theSceneofClericallife(教区生活场景)waspublishedinBlackwood’sMagazine.♣Herfirstcompletenovel,publishedin1859,wasAdamBede(亚当•比德),andwasaninstantsuccess.♣AfterthepopularityofAdamBede,shecontinuedtowritepopularnovelsforthenextfifteenyears.♣On16,May,1880,EliotgetmarriedtoamanJohnCrosswhowastwentyyearsyoungerthanherselfregardlessofcontroversy.♣Aftertheirhoneymoon,Eliotfellillwithathroatinfection,alongwiththekidneydiseaseshehadbeenafflictedwithforthepreviousfewyears,resultinginherdeathon22,December,1880attheageof61.Afterherdeath,shewasburiedinHighgateCemmetery,London,nexttoGeorgeHenryLewes.In1980,onthecentenary(一百周年纪念)ofherdeath,amemorialstonewasestablishedforherinthePoet’sCorner.WritingCareerandMajorPieces♣MainNovelsAdamBede,1859(亚当·比德)TheMillontheFloss,1860(弗洛斯河上的磨坊)SilasMarner,1861(织工马南传)Romola,1863(罗慕拉)FelixHolt,theRadical,1866(费力克斯·霍尔特)Middlemarch,1871-72（米德玛尔歇）DanielDeronda,1876（丹尼尔·德隆达）♣LiteratureAssessment1.Throughouthercareer,Eliotwrotewithapoliticallyastutepen.FromAdamBedetoTheMillontheFlossandSilasMarner,Eliotpresentedthecasesofsocialoutsidersandsmall-townpersecution.2.FelixHolt,theRadicalandTheLegendofJubalwereovertlypolitical,andpoliticalcrisisisattheheartofMiddlemarch,inwhichshepresentsthestoriesofanumberofdenizensofasmallEnglishtownontheeveoftheReformBillof1832;thenovelisnotableforitsdeeppsychologicalinsightandsophisticatedcharacterportraits.TherootsofherrealistphilosophycanbefoundinherreviewofJohnRuskin’sModernPaintersinWestminsterReviewin1856.3.ReadersintheVictorianeraparticularlypraisedherbooksfortheirdepictionsofruralsociety,forwhichshedrewonherownearlyexperiences.4.ShesharedwithWordsworththebeliefthattherewasmuchinterestandimportanceinthemundanedetailsofordinarycountrylives.5.However,Eliotdidnotconfineherselftoherbucolicroots.Romola,ahistoricalnovelsetinlate15thcenturyFlorenceandtouchingonthelivesofseveralrealpersonssuchasthepriestGirolamoSavonarola,displaysherwiderreadingandinterests.InTheSpanishGypsy,Eliotmadeaforayintoverse,creatingaworkwhoseinitialpopularityhasnotendured.6.Thereligiouselementsinherfictionalsoowemuchtoherupbringing,withtheexperiencesofMaggieTulliverfromTheMillontheFlosssharingmanysimilaritieswiththeyoungMaryAnneEvans'sowndevelopment.WhenSilasMarnerispersuadedthathisalienationfromthechurchmeansalsohisalienationfromsociety,theauthor'slifeisagainmirroredwithherrefusaltoattendchurch.ShewasathermostautobiographicalinLookingBackwards,partofherfinalprintedworkImpressionsofTheophrastusSuch.BythetimeofDanielDeronda,Eliot'ssaleswerefallingoff,andshefadedfrompublicviewtosomedegree.Thiswasnothelpedbythebiographywrittenbyherhusbandafterherdeath,whichportrayedawonderful,almostsaintly,womantotallyatoddswiththescandalouslifepeopleknewshehadled.Inthe20thcenturyshewaschampionedbyanewbreedofcritics,mostnotablybyVirginiaWoolf,whocalledMiddlemarchoneofthefewEnglishnovelswrittenforgrown-uppeople.Twentieth-centuryliterarycriticHaroldBloomplacedEliotamongthegreatestWesternwritersofalltime.ThevariousfilmandtelevisionadaptationsofEliot'