沈大中-变压器有载分接开关原理和应用1

德国MR公司沈大中沈阳沈变所变压器技术培训学校STC开德贸易(上海)有限公司MRT联合举办变压器分接开关使用维护培训班电力变压器有载分接开关原理及应用(第一部分)德国MR应用工程部经理、中国事务高级顾问沈大中博士2009年04月15日目录1.有载分接开关的作用2.调压原理3.基本开关原理4.设计原理5.基本调压线路6.分接开关分类1.电阻式有载分接开关(OILTAP)2.真空式有载分接开关(VACUTAP)3.组合式和复合式4.干式有载分接开关(VACUTAPAVT)7.电抗式有载分接开关8.分接操作程序1.电阻式切换开关(OILTAPM)2.电抗式有载分接开关(VACUTAPRMV)9.电抗式和电阻式有载分接开关的比较10.有载分接开关的操作频率DateMRR&DSHenPage21.有载分接开关的作用在负载条件下通过改变变压器变比实现不间断地电压调节和/或移相1.补偿电压波动2.调节功率3.提高系统性能4.提高设备的安全和寿命5.改善电能质量DateMRR&DSHenPage32.调压原理DateMRR&DSHenPage4Us:级电压I:通过电流低压绕组高压绕组调压变压器Y接绕组布置有载分接开关通过增加或减少一次或二次绕组的匝数来改变变压器的变比。因此，变压器要配置一个调压绕组或分接绕组与有载分接开关相连。3.基本开关原理DateMRR&DSHenPage5I:通过电流电弧单触头开关系统负载中断限流自耦变压器电阻原理使用过渡阻抗的基本开关原理“先接（2）后断（1）”电抗原理限流电阻4.设计原理DateMRR&DSHenPage6分接选择器切换开关带分接选择器切换开关(电弧开关)OILTAP®M型选择开关（电弧分接开关）OILTAP®V型5.基本调压线路DateMRR&DSHenPage7Withoutchange-overselectorWithreversingchange-overselectorWithcoarsechange-overselectorWithmultiplecoarsechange-overselectorOILTAPs:V,M,MS,R,RM,GVACUTAPs:AVT,VT,VV,RMV,VROILTAPs:V,M,MS,R,RM,GVACUTAPs:VV,RMV,VROILTAPs:V,M,MS,R,RM,GVACUTAPs:VV,RMV,VROILTAPs:MVACUTAPs:VRSwitchingsequenceoftapselectoroftypeMforreversingswitchchange-overselector7.SwitchingsequenceoftapselectoroftypeMforcoarse-finechange-overselector6.分接开关分类DateMRR&DSHenPage8•Diverterswitch+tapselector(M,MS,RM,R,VV,G)•Selectorswitch(V)•Diverterswitch+tapselector(AVT,VT)•Diverterswitch+tapselector(RMV-II,RMV-A)Tap-changerOn-loadtap-changer(OLTC)Off-circuittap-changer(OCTC)ResistortypeOLTCReactortypeOLTCIn-tanktype(liquidenvironment)Othertype(drytypetransformer)Compartmenttype(airenvironment)6.1油浸式有载分接开关(OILTAP)DateMRR&DSHenPage9OILTAPRI2002OILTAPMSIII300InsulationtogroundDiverterswitch,transitionresistorTapselectorChange-overselectorConnectionterminalsfortapwindingsTie-inresistorsPotentialswitchConnectionleadsConnectionfortheprotectivedeviceRS6.2真空式有载分接开关(VACUTAP)DateMRR&DSHenPage10VACUTAP®VRC,VRETapselector(typeM)DiverterswitchVacuuminterruptersMaincontactsTransitionresistorOilcompartment(Diverterswitch)SpringaccumulatorSurgearrestorInsulationtoground6.3组合式和复合式DateMRR&DSHenPage11On-loadtap-changer:Deviceforchangingthetapofawinding,suitableforoperationwhilstthetransformerisenergizedoronloadTapselector:Devicedesignedtocarry,butnottomakeorbreak,current,usedinconjunctionwithadiverterswitchtoselecttapconnectionsDiverterswitch:Switchingdeviceusedinconjunctionwithatapselectortocarry,makeorbreakcurrentsincircuitswhichhavealreadybeenselectedSelectorswitch:Switchingdevicecapableofmaking,carryingandbreakingcurrent,combiningthedutiesofatapselectorandadiverterswitchVACUTAPVVIIIOILTAPVIII6.4干式有载分接开关(VACUTAPAVT)DateMRR&DSHenPage12VacuuminterruptersMotordriveunitOwnhousingTapselectorTransitionresistorsArcdetectionsensor6.5电抗式有载分接开关DateMRR&DSHenPage13Tapselectorselectorswitchchange-overselectorconnecting-boardNote:ReactorisnotdeliveredbyMROwnhousingwithmotordriveTap-changeroilcompartmentandvacuuminterrupters,lineardrivemechanism7.分接操作程序DateMRR&DSHenPage148.1操作程序–电阻式切换开关(OILTAPM)DateMRR&DSHenPage15maincontactmainswitchingcontacttransitioncontactRtransitionresistorRRIIUstRRRRRRRRRRRRRRDurationofswitchingsequence:app.40..70ms.Allcontactsofdiverterswitchoperatebyasinglespringaccumulatorunit.8.2操作程序–电抗式有载分接开关(VACUTAPRMV)DateMRR&DSHenPage16P1,P4:tapselectorcontactsP2,P3:by-passswitchcontactsVIvacuuminterrupterstationarybridgingpositionnon-bridgingpositionP2P3P1P4VIpreventiveautotransformernon-bridgingpositionII9.电抗式和电阻式有载分接开关的比较DateMRR&DSHenPage17Mechanicstress:highlowInspectioninterval:40,000..150,000op.500,000op.HighestvoltageforequipmentUm:72.5..362kV15..69kVMaximumvoltagetaptotap:1000..4000V2000VMaximumthrough-current:300..3000A600..2500ANo.oftapselectorcontacts:9,10,12,14,16,18,229No.ofoperatingpositions:upto±172)±16(x1000V3))Motordriverunningtimeperoperation:app.5.4sapp.2s4)Temperaturerangeofoil:-25°C..+105°C-25°C..+105°C-serviceinarcticregions-40°C(V,M,R)-40°C5)1)PreventiveautotransformerisnotdeliveredbyMR,transformermanufacturerhastoinstallthepreventiveautotransformer2)Withmultiplecoarsechange-overarrangementupto105operatingpositions3)Bridgingpositioncouldbeusedascontinuousposition.Numberofservicepositionsisthendoubled.Changeofoutputvoltageisonlyhalfofthetaptotapvoltage4)frombridgingtonon-bridgingposition5)Productoftaptotapvoltageandthrough-currentislimitedto1000kVANote:VACUTAP®RMVhasmax.3tie-inresistorsasstandardtie-inmeasure,Permissiblerecoveryvoltage:20kV,Permissibleswitchingcurrent:80mAwithout/100mAwithtie-inresistorsResistortypeReactortype1)10.有载分接开关的操作频率DateMRR&DSHenPage18各种用途变压器操作次数的数据统计Powerrange容量Voltagerange电压Currentrange电流MVAkVAmin./最小mean/平均max./最大Generator/发电机变压器100-1300110-765100-2000500300010000Interconnection/联络变压器200-1500110-765300-3000300500025000Distribution/配电变压器15-40060-52550-16002000700020000Electrolysis/电解变压器10-30020-22050-30001000030000150000Chemistry/化工变压器1,5-8020-11050-100010002000070000Arcfurnace/电炉变压器2,5-15020-11050-10002000050000200000Transformerdata变压器数据Transformer变压器Numberofoperationsofon-loadtapchangerperyear有载分接开关每年的操作次数谢谢！DateMRR&DSHenPage19