Chapter3PlanarLinkagesMechanismsanditsDesign(平面连杆机构及其设计)Questions:1、WhatisConditionforhavingacrank(GrashofCriterion)inFour-barLinkagesChain(铰链四杆运动链中,转动副为整转副的充要条件是什么?)2、Whatisquickreturncharacteristicsofmechanisms(什么是机构的急回特性)?3、Howtoavoidthedead-pointposition(如何克服死点位置)?Importantcontents(重点掌握的内容):1、TypesofFour-barLinkages(铰链四杆机构类型判断)2、Theequationofcoefficientoftravelspeedvariationanditsapplication(行程速比系数公式及应用)3、DesignofPlanarLinkageMechanisms(平面四杆机构运动设计)Studyobject:PlanarLinkagesMechanismWhatistheplanarlinkagesmechanisms(什么是平面连杆机构)?Themechanismsarecomposedoflowerpairsandlinks(由连杆和低副联结而成的机构)。Itislower-pairmechnisms(或称低副机构)。Crank-rockermechanismEllipsographmechanism椭圆规机构Crank-slidermechanismCrankPress冲床Planer刨床Gearplaner插齿机Allaboveitapplication.Whatisthecharacteristicsofplanarlinkagesmechanism?3-1Characteristicoflinkagemechanismsanditsdesign(连杆机构的特点及其设计的基本问题)Planarlinkagemechanisms平面连杆机构。Planarlinkagemechanismispopularinindustrialapplication.平面连杆机构有诸多优点被广泛应用。1.Typesoflinkagemechanisms(连杆机构的分类):(1)Accordingtorelativemotionoflinks(根据其构件间的相对运动分类)。Spatiallinkagemechanisms空间连杆机构。Four-barlinkages四杆机构。(2)Accordingtonumberoflinks(根据构件的数目分类)。Five-barlinkages五杆机构。…..杆机构。一、Characteristicsofmechanisms2.Advantagesofplanarlinkagemechanisms(平面连杆机构的主要优点):(2)Thecontactpressurestressislower,anditiseasytomanufacture.(低副不易磨损而又易于加工)。(1)Itcanperformmanymotion(能够实现多种运动轨迹曲线和运动规律);(3)Structureissimple(几何封闭,结构简单)。§3-1Characteroflinkagemechanismsanditsdesign(连杆机构的特点及其设计的基本问题)3.Disadvantagesofplanarlinkagemechanisms(平面连杆机构的主要缺点):(1)Inertiaforceandinertiamoment(惯性力及惯性力矩)。(2)Approximatelyachieveanticipatedmotion(近似实现预期的运动规律,设计方法复杂)。(3)Cumulativeerror(造成累计误差)。4.Application(平面连杆机构的应用):lightindustrialmachinery,agriculturalmachinery(轻工机械、农业机械等)。(连杆机构作变速运动的构件引起振动和噪声的主要原因,如纺织厂,噪音污染十分严重,现在有所改善,但机构决定不可避免)5.Developmenttrend发展趋势:Computeraideddesign(计算机辅助设计是一大趋势)。§3-1Characteroflinkagemechanismsanditsdesign(连杆机构的特点及其设计的基本问题)1.Implementanticipatedmotion(实现预期的运动规律)Moldingmachine造型机的翻转机构§3-1Characteroflinkagemechanismsanditsdesign(连杆机构的特点及其设计的基本问题)Transverseplaningmachine牛头刨主体机构二、BasicSectionofDesign设计的基本问题2.Implementanticipatedmovingtrack实现预期的运动轨迹Crane起重机Blender搅拌机§3-1Characteroflinkagemechanismsanditsdesign(连杆机构的特点及其设计的基本问题)二、BasicSectionofDesign设计的基本问题Four-barLinkagesismostpopularinplanarlinkagemechanisms.平面连杆机构中结构最简单、应用最广的,是四杆机构!§3-2TypesofFour-barLinkagesanditsevolution平面四杆机构的基本形式及其演变一、Four-barLinkages平面四杆机构的基本形式-铰链四杆机构Slidelink连架杆Frame机架Slidelink连架杆Coupler连杆能绕其轴线转360º的。仅能绕其轴线作往复摆动的。Crank曲柄:Rocker摇杆:2.Composition组成Allpairsarerevolutepairsinafour-barmechanisms所有运动副全为转动副的四杆机构。1.Definition:Frame机架:固定架。做平面运动的构件。Coupler连杆:连架杆Accordingtotwoslidelinks,typesofFour-barlinkagesareasfollowing:按照两连架杆的运动形式的不同,可将铰链四杆机构分为:Crank-rockermechanism曲柄摇杆机构Double-crankmechanisms双曲柄机构Double-rockermechanisms双摇杆机构一般曲柄为原动件.P364破碎机、缝纫机3.Types分类(1)ApplicationofCrank-rockerMechanisms曲柄摇杆应用举例Blender搅拌机Devicefortraininglegs下肢力量训练器4.Application应用Radarscanningaerial雷达扫描天线Flyshear飞剪机构Sewingmachine缝纫机(2)ApplicationofDouble-crankMechanisms双曲柄应用举例Trainwheel机车车轮Unbalanced-throwscreen惯性筛(3)ApplicationofDouble-rockerMechanisms双摇杆应用举例Aircraftlandinggear飞机起落架B1C1ADB2C2地面Allabovearebasicdefinition,composition,typesandapplicationofFour-barLinkages.二、EvolutionofFour-barLinkages平面四杆机构的演化CABD1234C3AB124AB1234CABD1234C1.Replacingarevolutepairwithaslidingpair转动副转化成移动副的演化AB1234C1234ABcrankandtranslatingguide-barmechanism曲柄移动导杆机构in-line(对心)slider-crankmechanismeccentric(oroffset)(偏置)slider-crankmechanism对心曲柄滑块机构偏置曲柄滑块机构曲柄滑块机构(对心)曲柄当滑块机构(偏心)Eccentric(oroffset)(偏置)slider-crankmechanismIn-line(对心)slider-crankmechanism曲柄滑块机构Crank-slidemechanisms2.Enlarging(扩大)arevolutepair扩大回转副Evolution演化:扩大回转副B偏心轮机构Eccentricmechanism曲柄滑块机构Crank-slidemechanisms2.Enlarging(扩大)arevolutepair扩大回转副Evolution演化:扩大回转副B偏心轮机构EccentricmechanismABCE124ABC12343ABCE124ABC12343Eccentricmechanism偏心轮机构Application:Advantages:Highstrength,highrigidity,easytomake.强度高,刚度高,且便于加工制造。Transferbigforce.用于传递较大力场合。如破碎机、冲床、剪床、内燃机等。3.Takingdifferentlinksastheframe取不同构件为机架Crank-rockermechanismDouble-crankMechanisms(0~360°)(0~360°)(360°)(360°)1234ABDCDoublerockerMechanisms(0~360°)(0~360°)(360°)1234ABCD(360°)由铰链四杆机构动画知取不同构件为机架各构件间的相对运动关系不变,得到四种机构(0~360°)(0~360°)(360°)(360°)1234ABCD整周转动副曲柄摇杆机构BA1234C(a)Crank-slideMechanism曲柄滑块机构(b)Rotatingguide-barmechanism转动导杆机构BA1234C(c)Crankandoscillatingblockmechanism曲柄摇块机构A1234CB(c’)Oscillatingguide-barmechanism摆动导杆机构3A124CB(d)Translatingsliding-rodmechanism移动导杆机构A234CB1Takingdifferentlinksastheframeforslidermechanisms构件3为机架——移动导杆机构构件4为机架——曲柄摇杆机构构件1为机架——双曲柄机构构件2为机架——曲柄摇杆机构构件3为机架——双摇杆机构构件4为机架——曲柄滑块机构构件1为机架——转动导杆机构构件2为机架——曲柄摇块机构、摆动导杆机构曲柄滑块机构表3-1铰链四杆机构4.ApplicationofothertypicalFour-barLinkages(1)ApplicationsofCrank-sliderMechanism:Internalcombustionengine(曲柄滑块机构)(2)Thesmallplaner(刨床)isoneoftheapplicationsofRotatingGuide-barMechanism(转动导杆机构).4.ApplicationofothertypicalFour-barLinkages(3)TheapplicationsoftheOscillatingGuide-barMechanism(摆动导杆机构).4.ApplicationofothertypicalFour-barLinkages(4)Theapplicatio