管理会计课件 chapter 3

ChapterThreeSystemsDesign:Job-OrderCosting3-2ManufacturingWorkRawMaterialsCostsInProcessBeginningrawDirectmaterialsBeginningworkinmaterialsinventory+Directlaborprocessinventory+Rawmaterials+Mfg.overhead+Totalmanufacturingpurchased=Totalmanufacturingcosts=Rawmaterialscosts=Totalworkinavailableforuseprocessfortheinproductionperiod–Endingrawmaterials–Endingworkininventoryprocessinventory=Rawmaterialsused=CostofgoodsinproductionmanufacturedProductCostFlowsCostsassociatedwiththegoodsthatarecompletedduringtheperiodaretransferredtofinishedgoodsinventory.3-3LearningObjective1Distinguishbetweenprocesscostingandjob-ordercostingandidentifycompaniesthatwoulduseeachcostingmethod.3-4TypesofProductCostingSystemsProcessCostingJob-orderCostingAcompanyproducesmanyunitsofasingleproduct.Oneunitofproductisindistinguishablefromotherunitsofproduct.Theidenticalnatureofeachunitofproductenablesassigningthesameaveragecostperunit.3-5TypesofProductCostingSystemsProcessCostingJob-orderCostingAcompanyproducesmanyunitsofasingleproduct.Oneunitofproductisindistinguishablefromotherunitsofproduct.Theidenticalnatureofeachunitofproductenablesassigningthesameaveragecostperunit.Examplecompanies:1.Weyerhaeuser(papermanufacturing)2.ReynoldsAluminum(refiningaluminumingots)3.Coca-Cola(mixingandbottlingbeverages)3-6TypesofProductCostingSystemsProcessCostingJob-orderCostingManydifferentproductsareproducedeachperiod.Productsaremanufacturedtoorder.Theuniquenatureofeachorderrequirestracingorallocatingcoststoeachjob,andmaintainingcostrecordsforeachjob.3-7TypesofProductCostingSystemsProcessCostingJob-orderCostingManydifferentproductsareproducedeachperiod.Productsaremanufacturedtoorder.Theuniquenatureofeachorderrequirestracingorallocatingcoststoeachjob,andmaintainingcostrecordsforeachjob.Examplecompanies:1.Boeing(aircraftmanufacturing)2.BechtelInternational(largescaleconstruction)3.WaltDisneyStudios(movieproduction)3-8ComparingProcessandJob-OrderCostingJob-OrderProcessNumberofjobsworkedManySingleProductCostaccumulatedbyIndividualJobDepartmentAveragecostcomputedbyJobDepartment3-9LearningObjective2Identifythedocumentsusedinajob-ordercostingsystem.3-10ManufacturingOverheadJobNo.1JobNo.2JobNo.3Chargedirectmaterialanddirectlaborcoststoeachjobasworkisperformed.Job-OrderCosting–AnOverviewDirectMaterialsDirectLabor3-11ManufacturingOverhead,includingindirectmaterialsandindirectlabor,areallocatedtoalljobsratherthandirectlytracedtoeachjob.DirectManufacturingCostsDirectMaterialsDirectLaborJobNo.1JobNo.2JobNo.3ManufacturingOverhead3-12PearCoJobCostSheetJobNumberA-143DateInitiated3-4-05DateCompletedDepartmentB3UnitsCompletedItemWoodencargocrateDirectMaterialsDirectLaborManufacturingOverheadReq.No.AmountTicketHoursAmountHoursRateAmountCostSummaryUnitsShippedDirectMaterialsDateNumberBalanceDirectLaborManufacturingOverheadTotalCostUnitProductCostTheJobCostSheet3-13MeasuringDirectMaterialsCostWillE.Delite3-14MeasuringDirectMaterialsCost3-15MeasuringDirectLaborCosts3-16Job-OrderCostAccounting3-17LearningObjective3Computepredeterminedoverheadrates3-18Thepredeterminedoverheadrate(POHR)usedtoapplyoverheadtojobsisdeterminedbeforetheperiodbegins.ManufacturingOverheadApplicationEstimatedtotalmanufacturingoverheadcostforthecomingperiodEstimatedtotalunitsintheallocationbaseforthecomingperiodPOHR=Ideally,theallocationbaseisacostdriverthatcausesoverhead.3-19Actualamountoftheallocationbasedupontheactuallevelofactivity.Basedonestimates,anddeterminedbeforetheperiodbegins.ApplicationofManufacturingOverheadOverheadapplied=POHR×Actualactivity3-20Foreachdirectlaborhourworkedonaparticularjob,$4.00offactoryoverheadwillbeappliedtothatjob.OverheadApplicationRatePOHR=$4.00perDLH$640,000160,000directlaborhours(DLH)POHR=EstimatedtotalmanufacturingoverheadcostforthecomingperiodEstimatedtotalunitsintheallocationbaseforthecomingperiodPOHR=3-21Job-OrderCostAccounting3-22Job-OrderCostAccounting3-23InterpretingtheAverageUnitCostTheaverageunitcostshouldnotbeinterpretedasthecoststhatwouldactuallybeincurredifanadditionalunitwereproduced.Fixedoverheadwouldnotchangeifanotherunitwereproduced,sotheincrementalcostofanotherunitmaybesomewhatlessthan$118.3-24QuickCheckJobWR53atNWFab,Inc.required$200ofdirectmaterialsand10directlaborhoursat$15perhour.Estimatedtotaloverheadfortheyearwas$760,000andestimateddirectlaborhourswere20,000.WhatwouldberecordedasthecostofjobWR53?a.$200.b.$350.c.$380.d.$730.3-25QuickCheckJobWR53atNWFab,Inc.required$200ofdirectmaterialsand10directlaborhoursat$15perhour.Estimatedtotaloverheadfortheyearwas$760,000andestimateddirectlaborhourswere20,000.WhatwouldberecordedasthecostofjobWR53?a.$200.b.$350.c.$380.d.$730.Pred.ovhd.rate$760,000/20,000hours$38Directmaterials$200Directlabor$15x10hours$150Manufacturingoverhead$38x10hours$380Totalcost$7303-26LearningObjective4Understandtheflowofcostsinajob-ordercostingsystem3-27Job-OrderCostingDocumentFlowSummaryAsalesorderisthebasisofissuingaproductionorder.Aproductionorderinitiatesworkonajob.3-28Job-OrderCostingDocumentFlowSummaryJobCostSheetsM