Chapter 8 Project Quality Management

1ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8Chapter8:ProjectQualityManagement2ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8LearningObjectives•Understandtheimportanceofprojectqualitymanagementforinformationtechnologyproductsandservices•Defineprojectqualitymanagementandunderstandhowqualityrelatestovariousaspectsofinformationtechnologyprojects•Describequalityplanninganditsrelationshiptoprojectscopemanagement•Discusstheimportanceofqualityassurance•Listthethreeoutputsofthequalitycontrolprocess•Understandthetoolsandtechniquesforqualitycontrol,suchasParetoanalysis,statisticalsampling,SixSigma,qualitycontrolcharts,andtesting3ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8LearningObjectives•DescribeimportantconceptsrelatedtoSixSigmaandhowithelpsorganizationsimprovequalityandreducecosts•Summarizethecontributionsofnoteworthyqualityexpertstomodernqualitymanagement•UnderstandhowtheMalcolmBaldrigeAwardandISO9000standardpromotequalityinprojectmanagement•Describehowleadership,cost,organizationalinfluences,andmaturitymodelsrelatetoimprovingqualityininformationtechnologyprojects•Discusshowsoftwarecanassistinprojectqualitymanagement4ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8QualityofInformationTechnologyProjects•ManypeoplejokeaboutthepoorqualityofITproductsIfGMCarsWereLikeMicrosoftOSComputers(p.262)–ForNoReasonYourCarWouldCrashTwiceaDay.–TheAirbagWouldSay“AreYouSure”BeforeGoingOff.–YourCarWon’tLetYouInBecauseYourKeyExpired.(Thisismyown)•PeopleseemtoacceptsystemsbeingdownoccasionallyorneedingtoreboottheirPCs•TherearemanyexamplesinthenewsaboutqualityproblemsrelatedtoIT(SeeWhatWentWrong?)•ButqualityisveryimportantinmanyITprojects5ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8WhatisQuality?•CarQuality–Ride,Reliability,FitandFinish,AudioSystem?•FoodQuality–Taste,Smell,Color,Texture,Freshness?•ShoeQuality–Fit,Stitching,Comfort,Wear?•BabyFurnitureQuality–Safety,GooProof,Durability,EasytoAssemble?6ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8WhatIsQuality?•TheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)definesqualityasthetotalityofcharacteristicsofanentitythatbearonitsabilitytosatisfystatedorimpliedneeds•Otherexpertsdefinequalitybasedon–Conformancetorequirements:meetingwrittenspecifications.–Fitnessforuse:ensuringaproductcanbeusedasitwasintended.7ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8PurposeofProjectQualityManagement•ToEnsurethattheProjectWillSatisfytheNeedsforWhichitwasUndertaken.–Scope–Cost–Performance–MeetorExceedCustomerSatisfaction•TheCustomerUltimatelyDecidesifQualityisAcceptable.Period.8ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8ProjectQualityManagementProcesses1.Qualityplanning:identifyingwhichqualitystandardsarerelevanttotheprojectandhowtosatisfythem2.Qualityassurance:evaluatingoverallprojectperformancetoensuretheprojectwillsatisfytherelevantqualitystandards3.Qualitycontrol:monitoringspecificprojectresultstoensurethattheycomplywiththerelevantqualitystandardswhileidentifyingwaystoimproveoverallquality9ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8ISTechnologyQuality•FunctionalityandFeatures–FunctionisDoestheSystemPerformaAsIntended–FeatureisHowitDoestheFunction•GraphicInterface,On-LineHelp,ect•SystemOutputs–ScreensandReports•Performance–SystemFunctionsasCustomerIntendstoUseit,•ReliabilityandMaintainability–MeanTimeBetweenEssentialFunctionFailure(MTBESF)10ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8QualityPlanning•Itisimportanttodesigninqualityandcommunicateimportantfactorsthatdirectlycontributetomeetingthecustomer’srequirements•Designofexperimentshelpsidentifywhichvariableshavethemostinfluenceontheoveralloutcomeofaprocess•ManyscopeaspectsofITprojectsaffectqualitylikefunctionality,features,systemoutputs,performance,reliability,andmaintainability11ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8QualityAssurance•Qualityassuranceincludesalltheactivitiesrelatedtosatisfyingtherelevantqualitystandardsforaproject•Anothergoalofqualityassuranceiscontinuousqualityimprovement•Benchmarkingcanbeusedtogenerateideasforqualityimprovements•Qualityauditshelpidentifylessonslearnedthatcanimproveperformanceoncurrentorfutureprojects12ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8QualityAssurancePlan13ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8QualityAssurancePlan14ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8QualityControl•Themainoutputsofqualitycontrolare–acceptancedecisions–rework–processadjustments•Sometoolsandtechniquesinclude–Paretoanalysis–statisticalsampling–SixSigma–qualitycontrolcharts15ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8ParetoAnalysis•Paretoanalysisinvolvesidentifyingthevitalfewcontributorsthataccountforthemostqualityproblemsinasystem•Alsocalledthe80-20rule,meaningthat80%ofproblemsareoftendueto20%ofthecauses•Paretodiagramsarehistogramsthathelpidentifyandprioritizeproblemareas16ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8Figure8-1.SampleParetoDiagramTotalofallComplaints80%ofComplaintsMinorProblem17ITProjectManagement,ThirdEditionChapter8StatisticalSamplingandStandardDeviation•Statisticalsamplinginvolveschoosingpartofapopulationofinterestforinspection•Thesizeofasampledependsonhowrepresentativeyo