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第三章动词动词的分类1.系动词2.实义动词（及物和不及物）3.助动词4.情态动词系动词：连系表语的词。系动词有词义，不能独立做谓语。Heiswrong.(系词+表语做谓语)一、系动词be（am,is,are,was,were）感官动词(look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem)表示发展变化的词(turn,get,keep,become)系动词他是强壮的。Heisstrong.你必须保持健康。Youmustkeephealthy.树叶变绿了。Theleavesturngreen.莉莉似乎很生气。Lilyseemsveryangry.Exercise•1.Autumniscoming,theleaves______yellow.•2.Thegirl_______beautiful.•3.Thefood_______delicious.•4.Autumniscoming,it______colderandcolder.•5.Thatsong________well.turnlookstastesgetssounds二、实义动词能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分为及物和不及物动词。•Ihither.•Hecuthisfinger.•Thesunrises.及物vt.不及物vi.及物vt.A-A-A•hurt-hurt-hurt（受伤、伤害）A-B-B•say-said-said•stand-stood-stood•spend-spent-spent•think-thought-thought•buy-bought-bought•bring-brought-brought•catch-caught-caught•teach-taught-taught•hold-held-held•lend-lent-lent•send-sent-sent•leave-left-left•meet-met-met•sweep-swept-swept•sleep-slept-slept•keep-kept-keptA-B-COrise-rose-risenwrite-wrote-written•speak-spoke-spoken•steal-stole-stolenOride-rode-riddenOdrive-drove-driven√sing-sang-sungOtake-took-takenOgive-gave-given•fly-flew-flownOknow-knew-knownOthrow-threw-thrown•eat-ate-eaten•forget-forgot-forgotten三、助动词Ilikeit.其中like是实意动词，如何变否定疑问.用do来帮助它，我们把do、does、did等称为助动词。Idon’tlikeit.Doyoulikeit?助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和疑（问句）。常见助动词有五个，be,do,have,shall,will.be构成被动与进行，do构成疑问和否定have构成现在完成时，shall,will表示将来时be(am/is/are/was/were)1.Iamwateringtheflowers.帮助构成（现在/过去）进行时。2.Tomwashitbyhisfatheryesterday.帮助构成被动语态。小测试：SheisLily.(is是助动词吗？)答案：NO.have/has/had•Ihaveabook.其中have是助动词吗？•答案：NO.•have/had+V.过去分词•现在完成时/过去完成时其中have是助动词吗？答案：YES.will/shall•用于一般将来时态。•will用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称。•Shewillfinishherhomeworkintenminutes.•ShallItakeanumbrella?四、情态动词•ShecanspeakFrenchandIcan’t.•什么叫情态动词？•表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态。情态动词的特征HecanspeakEnglishwell,butIcan’t.Wemuststayhere.情态动词有词义，不能单独做谓语，无人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。can/could/beableto1.三个都表“能力”could是can的过去式。eg:Icouldn’tspeakEnglish.IcanspeakEnglishnow.将来能力使用shall/will/beableto.eg:IwillbeabletospeakFrench.2.can/could表“请求、允许”could比can更委婉。eg:CouldIborrowyourbook?3.can/could表“怀疑、推测”可能性can‘tbeeg:Itcan’tbeLily’sbag.may/might1.表“请求、许可”might比may更委婉、客气。eg:MayIcomein?MightIcomein?2.“可能”，表推测。可能性maybemightbeeg:Hemaycometomorrow.Hemightcometomorrow.must/haveto必须不得不1.must表个人意志和主观上的必要，意为“必须”“应该”用于一般现在时；Imustgonow.2.haveto表客观上的必要。意为“必须”“不得不”除可用于现在时外，还可以表将来时shall/willhaveto和过去式hadto。1.这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买台新的。ThisTVdoesn’twork.Wehavetobuyanewone.2.那时我们必须买台新的。Wehadtobuyanewone.3.我们将不得不买台新的。Wewillhavetobuyanewone.•I_____studyhard,becauseIwanttogotoBeijingUniversity.•I_______goshopping,becausethefridgeisemptynow.musthavetoshould/would/oughtto1.Youarehismother,you_________lookafterhim.2.Youareastudent,you_______studyhard.3.Shewouldbegladifyou______helpher.应该愿意理所应当oughttoshouldwould情态动词表推测•mustbecan’tbemaybemightbedare,need•既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。•做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句情态动词类型1.只作情态动词的有：must,can(could),may(might)2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need，dare3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will(would).shall(should)4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有haveto,oughtto