TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有:TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现,但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。Ⅰ.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序。A)Introducedbythat主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。e.g.Hesaysthathewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.I’msorry(that)heisn’thererightnow.Note:1.that的省略:that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实,that本身无词义,在从句中不作任何成分,在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.I’mafraid(that)you’llhavetowait.2.宾语从句的否定转移:主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如:我认为鸡不会游泳。误:Ithinkchickenscannotswim.正:Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较:Ithinkheiswrong,isn’the?Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?BackB)Introducedbyif/whetherif/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如:e.g.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.Idon’tknowif/whetheritisgoingtorain.BackNote:只用whether的四种情况:1.在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.2.直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.3.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.BackC)Introducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbs(连接代词和连接副词)一、构成:1.1.宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。Doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon?(作主语)Didyouhearwhathesaid?(作宾语)Idon’tknowwhosethatis.(作表语)Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?(作gate的定语)2.宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。Wedidn’tknowwhenshewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Nooneknowswhysheislateagain.二、难点:1.避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词;e.g.*Ican’tseethatwhatisoverthere.(应去掉that)2.从句中的语序为陈述语序;e.g.*Doyouknowhowoldisshe?(应改为:…howoldsheis)3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。e.g.*Shedidn’ttellmewhenshewillcome.(应改为:…whenshewouldcome)三、转换:由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词+动词不定式替代,进行句型上的转换。e.g.I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?四、宾语从句的时态主句中谓语动词是一般现在时,从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制,可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须要用某种过去时态,以保持时态的前后呼应。特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。试比较:Hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible.Hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Tomsaysthatheismendinghiscar.Tomsaidthathewasmendinghiscar.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.宾语从句中考题练兵:一、单项选择()1.Idon’tthinkhewillcomehereontime,?(重庆)A.won’theB.willheC.doesheD.ishe()2.Willyoupleasetellme?(上海)A.wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt()3.It’snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.(常州)A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslikeD.howoldareyou()4.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I’llletyouknow.(扬州)A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcomeBAAC()5.Ican’tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven’tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.(镇江)A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch()6.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.(通化)A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgoD.wouldgoing()7.OurgeographyteachertoldusthatJapantheeastofChina.(河北)A.isinB.wasinC.istoD.wasto()8.Nobodyknowshe’llcomeornot.(辽宁)A.thatB.ifC./D.whetherDBCD二、按要求改写句子1.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom’smotheraskedhim.(改为复合句,句意不变)(济南)Tom’smotheraskedhimtotrysomethingnew.2.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?(改写句子,句意不变)(青岛)Couldyoutellmetothestation?3.“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Johntoldme.(改为复合句,句意不变)(天津)Johntoldmethathomework.4.Idon’thowIcanreachthezoo.(改为简单句)(宿迁)Idon’tknowthezoo.if/whetherhewantedhowIcangethehadfinishedhishowtogetto三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.1.我还没有决定是否去参加迈克的生日聚会。(黑龙江)Ihaven’tdecidedIwillgotoMike’sbirthdayparty.2.据说在南京长江上又建了一座桥。(南京)It’ssaidthatbridge_____________________overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.3.请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗?(无锡)Wouldyoupleasetellmeme?4.你能告诉我他从美国回来多久了?Canyoutellme?whetherornotanotherisbeingbuiltwhatthislockismadeofhowlonghehasbeenbackfromtheUSAⅡ.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。A)TheAdverbialClauseofTime(时间状语从句)1)Introducedbywhen(表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,意为“当…时”。)e.g.Whenyougetoffthebus,youmustn’tpushothers.2)Introducedbybefore(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前,意为“在……之前”。)e.g.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschool.3)Introducedbyafter(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后,意为“在……之后”。)e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft.4)Introducedbyuntil(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前,意为“直到……为止”。主句用肯定式,谓语是延续性的动词,表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止)e.g.Iwillwaituntilhecomes.Note:(until用于否定句时,主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,并且谓语动词是非延续性动词,表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。not…until意为“直到……才……”。)e.g.Shewon’tgotobeduntilshefinishesherhomework.5)Introducedbyassoonas(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后,意为“一……就”。)e.g.MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.Note:在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.2)主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Pleasedon’tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态:e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasy