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英美文学复习材料JefferyChaucer•Father/founderofEnglishPoetry•Majorworks:•TheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》•TheParliamentofFowls《百鸟议会》•TroilusandCriseyde《特鲁伊罗斯和克里塞德》•TheLegendofGoodWomen《好女人传》•TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》TheCanterburyTales•ThestoryofagroupofthirtypeoplewhotravelaspilgrimstoCanterbury.•Arich,tapestry(织锦)ofmedievalsociallifecombiningelementsofallclasses,fromnoblestoworkers,frompriestsandnunstodrunkardsandthieves.•Londondialect•TheGeneralPrologueconsistsofcharactersketchesofeachmemberofthegroupthatisgoingtoCanterbury.TheCanterburyTales•Someofthecharacters•TheKnight:thefirststoryteller•ThePrioress女修道院副院长•TheMerchant•TheWifeofBath巴斯妇:thefirstfemalefigureinBritishliterature•PoorPriestWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)•Renaissance•Meaning:rebirthorrevival•Time:beganinthe14thcentury,endinthe17thcentury.•Place:beganinItaly,laterspreadtoFrance,SpainandEngland.•AkeeninterestintheGreekandLatinculture;theartandscienceofancientGreeceandRomewerebeingbornagainafterlongyearsofneglect.•Essence:humanismWilliamShakespeare•Works•37plays•2longnarrativepoems•154sonnetsWilliamShakespeare•Drama:•Tragedies-Hamlet,Macbeth,KingLear,Othello,RomeoandJuliet•Comedies-AsYouLikeIt,TheMerchantsofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheTamingoftheShrew,TwelfthNight•Histories-HenryIV,HenryV,HenryVI,HenryVIII,RichardIII,•Romances/tragicomedies:Cymbeline,TheTempestRomeoandJuliet•Characters:TheMontagues/TheCapulets•Plot•Theme•ActII,SceneII•Thebalconyscene•Oneoftheromanticpeaksoftheplay.•Inthisscene,RomeohasemployedthreecomparisonstoexpresshisadmirationforJuliet:thesun,twinklingstars,abrightangel.WilliamShakespeare:Sonnet•Asonnetisalyricinvariablyoffourteenlines,usuallyiniambicpentameter五音步抑扬格,restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme韵律.•Threetypesofsonnet1)Petrarchansonnet(彼特拉克体/意大利十四行诗)2)SpenserianSonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗）3)ShakespearianSonnet（莎士比亚/英国体十四行诗ShakespearianSonnet•3quatrains+acouplet•ababcdcdefefgg•Sonnet18•“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”•Theme:Anicesummerdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespeareexpresseshisfaithinthepermanenceofpoetry,ofartandlove.•Sonnet29•Theme:Thepoweroflovecanovercomeallthedifficultiesandobstaclesinone’slifetime.Romanticism•BeginswiththepublicationofLyricalBallads(1798)andendswiththedeathofSirWalterScott(1832).•Pre-romanticpoets:WilliamBlake,RobertBurns•Activeromanticpoets:GeorgeGordonByron,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats•Passiveromanticpoets/LakePoets:WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey.RobertBurns•Farmerpoet/nationalpoetofScotland•WriteinScottishdialect•ThemesofpoetryarelifeofthecommonScotch,love,friendship,ect.•“ARed,RedRose:fourstanzas;aballadform;love;figuresofspeech•“AuldLangSyne”:friendship,parting-songWilliamWordsworth•PoetLaureate桂冠诗人•CollaboratewithColeridgeonLyricalBallads:adeclarationofromanticism•DefinePoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility”.•Aworshipperofnature•“IWanderedLonelyasCloud”:foursix-linestanzas;iambictetrameter;rhymescheme:ababcc;theme:theharmonybetweenthingsinnatureandtheharmonybetweennatureandthepoethimself/Nature'sbeautyupliftsthehumanspirit.•“ComposedUponWestminsterBridge”:aPetrarchansonnet;abbaabbacdcdcd;describingLondoninanearlymorning;figuresofspeech:simile,metaphor,personificationPercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)•oneoftheleadingromanticpoets•lovedpeopleandhatedtheoppressorsandexploiters•Hiswife:MaryShelleyFrankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》•Majorworks:•TheNecessityofAtheism《无神论的必要性》•QueenMab《仙后麦布》•PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》•OdetotheWestWind《西风颂》•OdetoaSkylark《云雀颂》•ADefenceofPoetry《诗辩》•TheMasqueofAnarchy《暴政的行列》OdetotheWestWind•Ode:alonglyricpoemthatisseriousinsubject,elevatedinstyle,andelaborateinitsstructure.Itiswrittentopraiseandglorifysomebodyortoeulogizesomething.•Form:1.Everystanzaisasonnet;fivestanzasofiambicpentameter.•2.Everystanzaconsistsof4terzarima（三行诗隔句押韵法）+couplet.•Structure:stanza1-3:activitiesofthewestwindontheearth,intheskyandonthesea.Stanza4-5:thepoet’swishtobefreelikethewind.OdetotheWestWind•Theme:1.Revolutionaryspirit;2.Wishtodestroytheoldandbuildupanewworld.•Theartoflanguage:•1.Theuseofalliteration,capitalization,endrhyme,ect.•2.manyfiguresofspeech:simile/metaphor/personificiton/allusion/symbolTo—•Onewordistoooftenprofaned•Formetoprofaneit,•Onefeelingtoofalselydistain'd•Fortheetodistainit;•Onehopeistoolikedespair•Forprudencetosmother,•Lovelyric;repetition/parallel;understatement（含蓄陈述）JaneAusten(1775-1817)•ThefirstimportantEnglishwomannovelist•Writingstyle:•Theme:mostlyaboutloveandmarriage•Language:simple,humorous,witty,ironic•Plot:straightforward,littleaction•Characters:likereallivingpersons•Dialogues:truetolife•Shecalledherwork“afineengravingmadeuponalittlepieceofivoryonlytwoinchessquare”(“两寸牙雕”)•Averynarrowliteraryfield•Butwithinherownfield,sheisunrivaled:vividportraitofhermajorcharactersandrealisticandcolorfulpicturesofthelifeandmannersoftheuppermiddleclassinruralEnglandofhertimeJaneAusten•Majorworks:•NorthangerAbbey《诺桑觉寺》(1818)•SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》(1811)•PrideandPrejudice《傲