4. 宾语从句和表语从句

AslongasyoulovemeAlthoughlonelinesshasalwaysbeenafriendofmine.I'mleavingmylifeinyourhands.PeoplesayI'mcrazythatIamblind.Riskingitallinaglance.Howyougotmeblindisstillamystery.Ican'tgetyououtofmyhead.Don'tcarewhatiswritteninyourhistory.Aslongasyou'reherewithme.Idon'tcarewhoyouare,whereyou'refrom,whatyoudid.Aslongasyouloveme.Whoyouare,whereyou'refrom.Don'tcarewhatyoudid.Aslongasyouloveme.Everylittlethingthatyouhavesaiddone.Feelslikeit'sdeepwithinme.Doesn'treallymatterifyou'reontherun.Itseemslikewe'remeanttobe.I'vetriedtohideitsothatnooneknows.AslongasyoulovemeAlthoughlonelinesshasalwaysbeenafriendofmine.I'mleavingmylifeinyourhands.PeoplesayI'mcrazythatIamblind.Riskingitallinaglance.Howyougotmeblindisstillamystery.Ican'tgetyououtofmyhead.Don'tcarewhatiswritteninyourhistory.Aslongasyou'reherewithme.Idon'tcarewhoyouare,whereyou'refrom,whatyoudid.Aslongasyouloveme.Whoyouare,whereyou'refrom.Don'tcarewhatyoudid.Aslongasyouloveme.Everylittlethingthatyouhavesaiddone.Feelslikeit'sdeepwithinme.Doesn'treallymatterifyou'reontherun.Itseemslikewe'remeanttobe.I'vetriedtohideitsothatnooneknows.一、宾语从句(ObjectClauses)宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连词that,whether,if,连接代词who(ever),what(ever),whose,who(ever),whom,which(ever),连接副词when,where,why,how。(一)宾语从句的种类1.及物动词的宾语从句Ibelieve(that)theteacherwillconsideroursuggestion.2.介词的宾语从句Yoursuccesswilllargelydependonwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.3.某些形容词的宾语从句某些形容词或过去分词后也常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure,certain,glad,happy,afraid,pleased,surprised,satisfied等。Iamafraid(that)youdon'tunderstandwhatIsaid.(二)宾语从句中引导词的用法1.that引导的宾语从句(1)and连接两个宾语从句，在and的后面的宾语从句that不能省略。EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(2)介词except后接that宾语从句时,that不能省略。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(3)主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时,宾语从句前的that不能省略。Inoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourministerwaswearinghisgreencoat.(4)一些动词,如find,think,make,consider,feel,see,hear等,可以构成“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,其中常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语用that引导,that不可省。Ifounditstrangethathehadnotcomeyet.(5)如果宾语从句含有主从复合句that一般不省略。TheypromisedmethatifIworkedhard,theywouldbuymeacomputer.(二)由whether,if引导的宾语从句1.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句(1)在不定式前Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.(2)在介词的后面I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.(3)在宾语从句表示是否为避免歧义时Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(4)与ornot连用时Ican’tsaywhethertheycancomeontimeornot.2.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句(1)if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.(2)if引导否定的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.3.doubt接宾语从句,主句为否定句或疑问句时,用that;主句为肯定句时,用whether或if。(1)Idon’tdoubtthathewillpasshetest.(2)SomeonedoubtedwhetherYaoMingcouldbecomeagreatbasketballplayerornot.(三)疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句疑问代词和疑问副词在从句中做相应的成分。(1)Don’tbesatisfiedwithwhatyouhadachieved.(2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisincharge?(3)Pleaseremindmewhenhewasgoing.(四)宾语从句的语序1.宾语从句要用陈述语序(1)Whathasshedone?Shewaspraisedfor_________________(2)Howdidhegothere?Idon'tknow_________________.(3)Whatiswrong?/Whatisthematter?Iwonder_______________._________________.whatshehaddone.howhewenttherewhatiswrongwhatisthematter—Wheredoyouthink_____he____thecomputer?—Sorry.Ihavenoidea.Ahas;boughtB/;boughtCdid;buyD/;buys2.在doyouthink,doyousuppose,doyoubelieve等插入语后接一个表示疑问的宾语从句时用陈述语序。Whydoyouthinkheisupset?特殊疑问词＋doyouthink＋陈述语序(五)宾语从句中几个需要注意的问题1.宾语从句的否定转移。(1)当主句的谓语动词是表示相信、认为的动词如(think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等)时，且主语为第一人称，宾语从句的否定词not要前移。Wedon'tbelievehewillcome.我们相信他不会来.(2)否定转移的反意疑问句条件：第一人称+think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect.反意疑问句的助动词看从句。其他人称看主句。Idon'tbelievethathecantranslatethisbook,_______?wedon'timaginethetwinshavearrives,_________?Shethinksherhusbandisthebestoneintheteam,___________?canhehavetheydoesn’tshe2.宾语从句的时态变化规律：(1)当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2)当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。Hesaidhe________(willdo)itthen.Hetoldushe____________(finish)itbeforewecamein.Shesaidshe____(feel)muchbetter.Hetoldmehe_____(join)thePartyin1921.woulddohadfinishedfeltjoined3.当主句的谓语动词是表示“建议、命令、坚持、要求”的动词如suggest,insist,demand,require,request等时,宾语从句的谓语动词用(should)do。ShesuggestthatI(should)getupearlytodoexcercise.二表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。(一)表语从句的关联词连词：that,whether,asif/though连接代词：who,what,which,whose连接副词：where,when,why,how(二)表语从句的种类1.由连词that,whether,asif/though引导的表语从句,连词在从句中不做成分,只起连接主从句的作用。(1)Ourplanisthatwewillgothereonceaweek.(2)Myquestioniswhetherwecanfindsuchanexpert.(3)Helooksasif/asthoughhehasknownthenews.2.由连接代词、副词引导的表语从句,除连接主从句,它们还在从句中作相应的成分。(1)ThatiswhatIsaid.(2)Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(3)Thisiswhywedecidednottogothere.(4)Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthatiswhereIdisagree.*注：1.asif,asthough引导的表语从句中可以使用虚拟语气。(1)Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherchild.(2)Ifeltasifithadhappenedyesterday.(3)Itlooksasifitwould/could/mightrain.(4)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2.表语从句的固定句型:(1)Thatiswhy...强调结果Thatiswhyhegotangrywithme.(2)Thatisbecause....强调原因Thatisbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat…原因是…3.if不能引导表语从句Myqueationiswhetherweshouldputoffthemeeting.4.如果表语从句中主句主语是order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request等时,从句使用虚拟语气,从句动词用(should)do。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanotherme