MedicinalMushrooms药用菌

MedicinalMushrooms药用菌•PrimaryStructureofBG一级结构Secondary二级结构Tertiary三级结构ImportanceofTertiaryStructure•TheTransistoristhePrimaryStructure•TheCircuitBoardistheSecondaryStructure•TheComputeristheTertiaryStructure~InElectronics~TerpenoidsinMushrooms菌体中的萜类化合物•Anti-infectious抗感染•Anti-inflammatory抗炎MedicinalMushroomsandPrebiotics药用菌与益生元•Mushroomsformaclassabovemanyotherprebiotics菌高于其它许多益生元类•StimulateMcellsintheliningoftheintestine刺激在肠衬里的M细胞Ganodermalucidum(Reishi,Lingzhi)灵芝Bitter(terpenoids)苦(萜类)Traditionalindications:CFS,传统指标:CFSDiabetes,↑cholesterol,Asthma糖尿病,↑胆固醇,哮喘VitCimprovesabsorption提高维生素C的吸收Protectsskinvs.UV(cancer),WBCvs.radiation.保护皮肤免受紫外线的伤害BringsTNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6toupperlimitofnormal(vs.cancer??)提升肿瘤坏死因子-α,白介素1β,白介素6的水平(抗癌？)IFFBenzie‘Bioavailability’requires…–Absorption–Distributiontosite(s)ofutilization(viabloodplasma)–ActiveformtobepresentinviableamountsatthesesitesIFFBenzieInVivoStudytoAssess‘Bioavailability’ofAntioxidantsinGreenTea,andGanodermalucidum(Lingzhi)Acutepostingestion(upto3h;placebo-controlled)1.1g*,n=103.3g,n=7PhotocourtesyofNAMMEX400mlstronggreenteaBloodcollectedUrinecollectedAgentingestedIFFBenzieBioavailabilityofLingzhi(Ganodermalucidum)Antioxidants*significantly(P0.05)differentfromtime-matchedlevelafterplacebo#significantly(P0.05)differentfrompre-ingestionvalueWachtel-Galor,Tomlinson,Benzie.IntJFoodSciNutr2004;1:75-83IFFBenzieDoantioxidantsprotectkeysites(e.g.,membranes,DNA?)抗氧化剂能保护膜,DNA等关键点?ChungWY,YowCMN,BenzieIFF.RedoxReport2003;8:5-8.01020304060708090100110PBS50uMvit.E1.5%Lingzhi1.5%SuiSinTime(min)AdjustedlogmeanchannelProtectionofredcellmembranesfromoxidantchallenge保护红细胞膜不受氧化剂损水仙灵芝水仙维生素E时间1.5%姜1.5%人参IFFBenzie28days’Lingzhisupplementation28天服用灵芝•Noevidenceofliverorrenaltoxicityseen没有引發肝肾毒性•Nosignificantchangeinbiomarkersofantioxidantstatus,oxidativestressormarkersofCHDriskinhealthysubjects总抗氧化状态和氧化应激的生物标志物、并冠心病风险标志物均没有变化•Someindicationofloweredlipidandimprovedantioxidantstatus降低血脂，同时提升抗氧化能力Wachtel-Galor,Tomlinson,Benzie,BrJNutr2004;91:263-269Ganodermalucidumvs.LowerUrinaryTractSymptoms[LUTS]inMen灵芝对抗男性的下尿路症状(LUTS)ThegroupofM.Noguchi*conductedadouble-blind,placebo-controlledrandomizedanddose-rangingstudyin50men50ywithLUTS;dosesweregiven1xd.TheextractofG.lucidumwaswelltoleratedandanimprovementinInternationalProstateSymptomScore[IPSS]wasobserved.TherecommendeddailydoseofG.luciduminmenwithLUTSis6mg.M.Noguchi对50位年逾50的LUTS男性患者进行随机、剂量探索、双盲安慰剂对照试验。结果：灵芝具有良好耐受性，能有效地改善患者的国际前列腺症状评分。建议LUTS男性患者每日服用的剂量为6毫克。NoguchiM,KakumaT,KuritaKetal.EffectofanextractofGanodermaluciduminmenwithlowerurinarytractsymptoms:adouble-blind,placebo-controlledrandomizedanddose-rangingstudy.AsianJAndrol2008;10:651-658.ReishiMax®asAnti-CancerTanNZ,LiCL,SlivaD,ZhangY,GaoL,ZhuJS.EffectsofGanodermalucidumextractReishiMax®onsarcomaS180-bearingmiceanditssynergywithgreenteapolyphenols[Tegreen®].NationalSymposiumonMedicinalFungi,Jiangxi,China2008:165-171LnTimeReishiMax®666mg/kgPlaceboGroupingVariable:groupRMKaplan-MeierLnCum.HazardPlotfortimeRMCensorVariable:None-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-.501.41.651.92.152.42.65Placebo0.20.80.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.8ReishiExtractTumorWeight(g)Cordycepssinensis冬虫夏草Canbecookedwith:服用方法：-oldduck老鸭-black-bonehen乌骨鸡-leanpork(formen)瘦肉(男性)-quail鹌鹑-bakedabalone(bronchitis)鲍鱼(支气管炎)HalpernGM.Cordyceps:China’sHealingMushroom.Avery,NY.1999;116pp冬蟲夏草Cordycepssinensis冬虫夏草•Formorethanathousandyears,Cordycepssinensishasbeenthemostprized“tonicfood”inAsia,especiallyinChina.冬虫夏草是中国传统的名贵药材，有逾千年的历史•Cordycepssinensiswasrecordedin“NewCompilationofMateriaMedica”as:在“本草从新”的记述中，虫草具备以下特质–sweetandneutralinnature味甘性温–protectslungandkidneyfunction补肺益肾–nourishestheessenceandvitalenergy滋养强壮具养生作用•Cordycepssinensisisprimarilyakindof“parasiticmushroom”.Theprincipalspecies（主要种属）isPaecilomyceshepialiChen.冬虫夏草属寄生菌种，主要种属是Paecilomyceshepiali•Inthelate1970s,InstituteofMateriaMedica,Beijing,initiateda10-yearprogramtostudyCordycepssinensis.中国医学科学院药物研究所于七十年代末期，对冬虫夏草展开了为期10年的研究计划•Possiblebasisofeffect-adenosineanalogueandpolysaccharides-Cs-1基本作用-腺苷类似物、多糖Cs-1Cordycepssinensis(冬蟲草)CourtesyofProf.F.T.Chau[ABCT]wavelengthretentiontimeintensitySomeoftheuniquenucleosidesfoundinCordycepsHistorical历史上-Protectslungandkidneyfunction保护肝肾功能-Nourishestheessenceandvitalenergy滋养强壮具养生作用Current現代-Promotesstamina,healthylungfunction滋肺阴-Increasesendurance增加耐力-Reducesfatigue减少疲劳Dose剂量:525mgcapsule:2capsulestwiceorthreetimesdailywithfood每粒胶囊含有525毫克，每天服用2-3次CordycepsClaims冬虫夏草Cordyceps-Clinicalstudies冬虫夏草-临床研究•Humanstudies人类研究–Highertolerancetocold(66elderlysubjects)改善畏寒(66位长者)–Improvementinfatiguedpatients(117subjects)改善体虚不复(117位患者)–IncreasedSODlevels(37subjects)增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平(37位患者)–Majoractivityvs.arrhythmias(75%improved)对抗心律失常(75%的患者)Reference参考Cs-4dos.剂量Weekstt时间Total(n)总数Improved改善%Han19953g/day2→121009292%Quetal19953g/day4302687%Zheng&Deng19953g/day4201785%Yang19854.5g/day4272178%Zhengetal19854.5g/day4201890%ClinicalEfficacyofCs-4intheTreatmentofRespiratoryDiseasesCs-4对呼吸系统疾病的临床疗效Clinicalimprovementnegativecontrols(p0.01)临床改善多于阴性对照(p0.01)ZhuJ