出口贸易模拟操作教程第三章 还盘与出口还价核算

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Chapter3QuotationCompositionofpriceCostExpensesorChargesExpectedprofitcostProducingcostProcessingcostPurchasingcostmanufacturingfactorieswhohaveimport&exportrightsprocessingfactorieswhoimporttherawmaterialsorsemi-finishedproductsandexportfinishedproductsforeigntradecompanieswhopurchasetheproductsathomeandexportthemtoforeigncountriesCostcalculation购货成本=货价+增值税额=货价+货价×增值税率=货价×(1+增值税率)出口退税额=货价×出口退税率实际成本=购货成本-出口退税额=货价×(1+增值税率)-货价×出口退税率=货价×(1+增值税率-出口退税率)=购货成本÷(1+增值税率)×(1+增值税率-出口退税率)公式:实际成本=购货成本×(1+增值税率-出口退税率)÷(1+增值税率)退税收入=购货成本÷(1+增值税率)×出口退税率Example:某品牌足球的采购成本为每只165元人民币,其中包括17%的增值税,若足球出口的退税率为8%,请计算每只足球的实际成本。解:实际成本=165×(1+17%-8%)/(1+17%)=153.72元/只Practice:天工化工厂向源丰进出口公司供应某化工原料750吨,工厂生产该类化工产品的成本为每吨550元人民币,销售利润是生产成本的10%,已知增值税率是17%,出口此类化工原料的退税率为5%,试计算:(1)天工化工厂给源丰进出口公司的供货价格应为多少?(2)源丰进出口公司向天工化工厂采购该化工原料的实际成本为多少?(3)源丰进出口公司向天工化工厂支付的货款总额为多少?(4)源丰进出口公司出口这批化工原料后可以获得的退税款总额为多少?解:(1)天工化工厂给源丰进出口公司的供货价格即为源丰进出口公司的购货成本:购货成本=货价×(1+增值税率)=生产成本×(1+利润率)×(1+增值税率)=550×(1+10%)×(1+17%)=707.85元/吨(2)实际成本=707.85×(1+17%-5%)÷(1+17%)(3)货款总额=购货成本×购货量=707.85×750=530887.5元人民币(4)退税总额=707.85÷(1+17%)×5%×750=22687.50元人民币Dotheexercise1onP51.WarehousingchargesInlandtransportchargesPortchargesCertificationchargesInspectionchargesDomesticservicechargesPackingchargesExpenses/ChargesInterestBankingchargesOperatingchargesFreightchargesInsurancepremiumCommissionDuties&taxesExpenses/ChargesFreightCharteringfreightLinerfreightCargoinbulkCargoincontainerFCLLCLFreightcalculationFreightcalculationⅠ.Freightofbulkcargo1.Compositionofthefreight(1)Basicfreight(2)AdditionalfreightA.Bunkeradjustmentfactor(B.A.F.,燃料附加费)B.Currencyadjustmentfactor(C.A.F.,货币附加费)C.Portcongestionsurcharge(港口拥挤费)D.Transshipmentsurcharge(转船附加费)E.Portsurcharge(港口附加费)F.Terminalhandlingcharges(THC,港区费)2.Standardsforcalculatingbasicfreight(1)重量法:CalculateaccordingtogrossweightCalculatingunit:weightton(重量吨)indicatedby“W”inthefreighttariff(2)体积法:AccordingtovolumeCalculatingunit:measurementton(尺码吨)indicatedby“M”inthefreighttariff注:重量吨和尺码吨统称为“运费吨”(Freightton,FT)(3)从价法:Accordingtovalueofthecargoi.e.,acertainpercentageofFOBpriceindicatedby“ADVAL”or“A.V”inthefreighttariff(4)选择法W/M:choosingthehigherratebetweengrossweightandvolumeWorA.V:choosingthehigherratebetweengrossweightandA.VMorA.V:choosingthehigherratebetweenvolumeandA.VW/MorA.V:choosingthehighestrateofgrossweight,volumeandA.V(5)综合法W&A.V.;M&A.V.Accordingtogrossweightorvolume,andthenplusacertainpercentageofA.V.(6)按件法(perunit)Accordingtothenumberofthecargo(7)议价法(Openrate)Accordingtothetemporaryagreementbetweentheshipownerandtheconsignor.3.ThemainproceduresofcalculatingfreightStep1:ConsultingtheScaleofCommodityClassifications(商品分类表或货物等级表)accordingtotheEnglishnameofthegoods,soastofindoutthegradeandthecalculatingstandardtowhichthecargobelongs.Step2:Findingoutthebasicrateinthescaleofratesforthespecificlineserviceaccordingtothegradeandthecalculatingstandard.Step3:Findingouttheadditionalorsurchargerate.Step4:Gettingtheunitfreightonthebasisofthebasicrateandtheadditionalrate.Step5:Gettingthetotalamountoffreightbyusingtheweightormeasurementofthegoodstimestheunitfreight.运价本的内容各种运价本虽然在内容上稍有区别,但一般都应包括以下内容。(1)说明有关规定。即说明运价本的适用范围、计价币别、计算单位以及有关规定。(2)港口规定及条款。如对某些国家或地区的港口在签发提单时,必须按该港口的习惯加盖印章,则印章条款优先于印刷条款。(3)货物等级表。列明各种货物所属运价等级和计费标准,以利托运人查找托运货物所属运价等级。(4)航线费率表。列明不同航线、不同等级货物的基本运费率。(5)附加费率表。列明各种附加费按基本费率的一定百分比计收或按运费吨——绝对数值增收。(6)冷藏货费率表及活牲畜费率表。列明各种冷藏货物和活牲畜计算标准及费率。某批出口货物共450箱,每箱装6件商品,从上海港运至美国旧金山。每箱体积为45×40×32cm,毛重为50kg,净重46kg。若查出该货物为9级,计费标准为W/M,基本运费为USD60.00/FT,船公司加收BAF25%、CAF10%,试计算该批货物的总运费及每件商品的单位运费。尺码吨:0.45×0.40×0.32=0.0576CBM重量吨:0.05M/TMW,所以应按体积计收运费基本运费:0.0576×60×450=1555.2美元BAF:1555.2×25%=388.8美元总运费:(基本运费+BAF)×(1+10%)=2138.4美元单位运费:2138.4÷(450×6)=0.792美元Ⅱ.FreightofcargoesincontainerKindsofcontainers(1)Drycontainer(DC,GP)(2)Tankcontainer(3)Refrigeratorcontainer(4)Framecontainer(5)Platformcontainer(6)Pencontainer(7)BulkcontainerFCL:FullContainerLoad,整装箱≧75%volume(max)≧95%weight(max)LCL:LessThanContainerload,拼装箱Joiningplace(交接地点)(1)Door(门)ofthewarehouseorfactoryoftheconsignororconsignee.——FCL(2)ContainerYard(CY,场)attheportofshipmentordestination.——FCL(3)ContainerFreightStation(CFS,站)——LCL注:按货物的流向、性质及重量,将同一目的地的货在装运港的CFS拼成整箱装运,到目的地的CFS之后再开箱分货。对于海运集装箱出口来说,堆场的作用就是把所有出口客户的集装箱在某处先集合起来(不论通关与否),到了截港时间之后,再统一上船(此时必定已经通关)。也就是说,堆场是集装箱通关上船前的统一集合地,在堆场的集装箱货物等待通关,这样便于船公司,海关等进行管理。ContainerYard为拼箱货装箱和拆箱的船、或双方办理交接的场所。它是集装箱运输关系方的一个组成,在集装箱运输中起到重要作用。它办理拼箱货的交接,配载积载后,将箱子送往CY(堆场),并接受CY(堆场)交来的进口货箱,进行拆箱、理货、保管、最后拨给各收货人。同时也可按承运人的委托进行铅封和签发场站收据等业务。CONTAINERFREIGHTSTATION:CFSWaysofjoining(交接方式)DoortoDoorDoortoCYCYtoDoorCYtoCY(1)FCL/FCL(整交整接)——发货人为一家公司,收货人也为一家公司(2)LCL/FCL(拼交整接)——发货人为多家公司,收货人为一家公司CFStoDoorCFStoCY(3)FCL/LCL(整交拆接)——发货人为一家公司,收货人为多家公司DoortoCFSCYtoCFS(4)LCL/LCL(拼交拆接)——发货人为多家公司,收货人也为多家公司CFStoCFSCompositionofcontainerfreight(1)Inlandtransportationcharge(内陆运输费)(2)Terminalhandlingcharge(堆场服务费)(3)LCLservicecharge(拼箱服务费)(4)Feeforusingcontainer&otherequipment(设备使用费)(5)Oceanfreight(海运运费)Thecalculationmethodofcontainerfreight(1)LCL:besimilartobulkcargoEssentialfreight+Additionalfreight
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