第5章三相正弦交流电路第5章三相正弦交流电路5.1三相电源5.2三相负载5.3对称三相电路的分析计算5.4不对称三相电路的分析计算5.5三相电路的功率第5章三相正弦交流电路5.1三相电源5.1.1三相对称正弦交流电压NS120°W1V2U2W2V1U1图5.1三相交流发电机的原理第5章三相正弦交流电路uuWuUuVt360°240°120°0-120°t2t1图5.2对称三相正弦量的波形第5章三相正弦交流电路UV.UW.UU.+=-UV.UW.UU.图5.3对称三相正弦量的相量图第5章三相正弦交流电路若以为参考正弦量,21UUUuu)120sin()120sin(sin212121tUuutUuutUuupm120,120,0pwpVPUUUUUUU00)232123211(1201200WVUppppWVUuuujjUUUUUUU第5章三相正弦交流电路5.1.2三相电源的星形(Y)连接NNU+-uUuVV-+uWW-+图5.4三相电源的星形连接UWU.UV.UVW.UU.UUV.UW.-UV.30°图5.5三相电源相电压、线电压的相量图第5章三相正弦交流电路303)2323()]23211(1[120VUUVUVUUVUjUjUUUUUU303303WWUVVWUUUU00UWWVVUWUVWUVUWWVVUWUVWUVuuuuuuuuuUUUUUUUUU第5章三相正弦交流电路5.1.3三相电源的三角形(△)连接(a)+-WUW.+-UU.+-UV.VUUW.=UWU.UU.=UUV.UV.=UVW.(b)图5.6三相电源的三角形连接线电压等于相电压WWUVVWUUVUUUUUU,,第5章三相正弦交流电路例5.2三相发电机接成三角形供电。如果误将U相接反,会产生什么后果?如何使连接正确?解U相接反时的电路如图5.7(a)所示。此时回路中的电流为spUspWVUsZUZUUUI323(a)+-WUW.+-UU.+-UV.VUUW.UU.UV.+(b)ZspZspZsp-UU.-UU.UV.UW.+VUVW+-UW.UV.UU.+-+-(c)Is·图5.7例5.2图第5章三相正弦交流电路5.2三相负载5.2.1负载的星形(Y)连接1.(a)+-UW.+-UU.NUV.ZU-+NN′ZVZWWVUIU.IV.IW.UV.UU.UW.IV.IU.IW.(b)IN.图5.8三相四线制电路及电压、电流相量图第5章三相正弦交流电路0120120120120120120,,UUUWVUNUUWWUUUVUUWVUN三相四线制电路中,星形负载各相阻抗分别为ZU=8+j6Ω,ZV=3-j4Ω,ZW=10Ω,电源线电压为380V,求各相电流及中线电流。解设电源为星形连接,则由题意知VUVUUUlp02202203AjZUIUUU9.36229.36100220680220第5章三相正弦交流电路AZUIAjZUI12022010120220101202209.66441.53512022043120220AjjjjIIIIWVUN4.55426.349.231.19115.403.172.136.17120229.66449.3622第5章三相正弦交流电路2.三相三线制电路UW.A+-+-UU.NUV.ZU-+NN′ZVZWCBIU.IV.IW.图5.9负载为Y形连接的三相三线制电路第5章三相正弦交流电路WVUWWVVUUNNZZZZUZUZUU111'ZZZZZWVU若负载对称,即,则03)(1111'ZUUUZZZZZUZUZUUWVUWVUWWVVUUNN第5章三相正弦交流电路0111'WVUWWVVUUNNZZZZUZUZUU第5章三相正弦交流电路5.2.2VWWUWUVVWVWUUVUWUWUWUVWVWVWUVUVUVIIIIIIIIIZUIZUIZUI,,第5章三相正弦交流电路ZUVUVW(a)ZVWZWUUUV.IU.IV.IW.UWU.IVW.IUV.IWU.IV.IW.IWU.IVW.IU.UUV.UWU.UVW.-IWU.(b)UVW.IUV.图5.10负载的三角形连接及电压、电流相量图第5章三相正弦交流电路如果负载对称,即120120120120UVUVWUWUWUWUUVUVVWVWVWUVUVUVUVWUVWUVIZUZUZUIIZUZUZUIZUZUIZZZZ第5章三相正弦交流电路303303303WUVWWUWVWUVVWVUVWUUVUIIIIIIIIIIII第5章三相正弦交流电路例5.4对称负载接成三角形,接入线电压为380V的三相电源,若每相阻抗Z=6+j8Ω,求负载各相电流及各线电流。解设线电压,则负载各相电流VUUV0380AIZUIAIZUIjZUIUVWUWUUVVWVWUVUV9.66381201.53381201.173381201.53381201.53381.53100380860380第5章三相正弦交流电路AIIAIIAIIUWUVUVU9.36661201.83661209.156661201.83661201.8366301.53383303负载各线电流为第5章三相正弦交流电路5.3.1对称星形电路的特点+-UW.+-UU.NUV.ZU-+NN′ZVZWWVUIU.IV.ZlZlZlU′V′W′IW.ZNIN.5.3对称三相电路的分析计算图5.12是对称三相四线制电路。第5章三相正弦交流电路013)(11111'NlWVUlNlWlVlUlWWlVVlUUNNZZZUUUZZZZZZZZZZZUZZUZZUU0'NNNNZUI第5章三相正弦交流电路120120'''UlWlNNWWUlVlNNUVlUlNNUUIZZUZZUUIIZZUZZUUIZZUZZUUI第5章三相正弦交流电路120120120120''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''VUNUNWUWVUNWNVWVNVNUVUNUWUWNUVNVUNUUUUUUUUUUUUUIZUUIZUIZU第5章三相正弦交流电路5.3.2对称三相电路的一般解法32'2ZZ第5章三相正弦交流电路IU1.Z1IU2.Z2′+-IU.UNN′+-UW.+-UU.NUV.Z1-+NN′WVUIV.IW.IU.Z1Z1IV1.IW1.IU1.Z2Z2Z2IWU2.IU2.IV2.IW2.IVW2.IUV2.(a)+-UW.+-UU.NUV.Z1-+NN′WVUIV.IW.IU.Z1Z1IV1.IW1.IU1.IU2.IV2.IW2.(b)Z2Z2Z2′′′(c)UU.图5.13两组对称负载的三相电路第5章三相正弦交流电路2121ZZZZUIUU120,120120,120120,120,22112211'2112'21'21UWUWUVUVUWUVUUUUIIIIIIIIIIIIZZZIIZZZII第5章三相正弦交流电路303303303222222WWUVVWUUVIIIIII第5章三相正弦交流电路对于具有多组负载的对称三相电路的分析计算,一般可用单相法按如下步骤求解:(1)用等效星形连接的对称三相电源的线电压代替原电路的线电压;将电路中三角形连接的负载,用等效星形连接的负载代换。(2)假设中线将电源中性点与负载中性点连接起来,使电路形成等效的三相四线制电路。(3)取出一相电路,单独求解。(4)由对称性求出其余两相的电流和电压。(5)求出原来三角形连接负载的各相电流。第5章三相正弦交流电路例5.5图5.14(a)所示对称三相电路中,负载每相阻抗Z=6+j8Ω,端线阻抗Zl=1+j1Ω,电源线电压有效值为380V。求负载各相电流、每条端线中的电流、负载各相电压。ZlZZlZZlZIU.IV.IW.UVWUIU.ZlU′ZN′N+-UU.(a)(b)IU′.图5.14例5.5图第5章三相正弦交流电路解由已知,380VUl可得vUUlp22033803单独画出U相电路,如图5.14(b)所示。设,负载是星形连接,则负载端相电流和线电流相等。即VUU0220AIIAIIAjjZZUIUWUVlUU9.673.191201.1723.191201.523.191.524.110220)86()11(0220第5章三相正弦交流电路VUUUVUUUVjIZUUNUNWWNUNVVUNUU1211921201191921201192)86(1.523.19'''''''''''''第5章三相正弦交流电路例5.6图5.15(a)所示电路中,电源线电压有效值为380V,两组负载Z1=12+j16Ω,Z2=48+j36Ω,端线阻抗Zl=1+j2Ω。分别求两组负载的相电流、线电流、相电压、线电压。ZlZ2ZlZ2ZlUVWUIU.ZlZ2N′N+-UU.(a)(b)Z1Z1Z1Z2U′V′W′Z1′IU2.IU1.N′U′图5.15例5.6图第5章三相正弦交流电路解设电源为一组星形连接的对称三相电源,VUUVUlpl22033803,380可得将Z2组三角形连接的负载等效为星形连接的负载,则9.362012163364832'2jjZZAjjjjjZZZZZUIlUU8.4896.174.4825.120220)1216()1612()1216)(1612(210220'21'21第5章三相正弦交流电路AjjZZZIIUU5.5606.9)1216()1612(9.36204.4896.17'21'21AIIIUUU3.4006.95.5606.94.4896.1712AIIAIIAIUWUVU5.6306.91205.17506.91205.5606.911111第5章三相正弦交流电路AIIAIIAIUWUVU7.13906.91203.16006.91203.4006.922222AIIAIIAIIVUUWVUWUUVU7.10932.51203.13032.51203.1032.5330''''''''''2